{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:29:42Z","timestamp":1787797782037,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study included 68 dry AMD patients and, as the control group, 91 healthy volunteers. Age, gender, family history, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, height, weight, dietary lutein intake, and use of lutein-zeaxanthin (L-Z) were questioned. Full ophthalmic examination was performed. Color fundus photography and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images were recorded. MPOD was measured by color perimetry (CP) every 3 months for 9 months in the dry AMD group, and 1 time at the beginning of the study in the control group. 6\u2005mg\/day lutein or 10\u2005mg\/day L and 2\u2005mg\/day Z were started in non-users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smoking, obesity, family history, light iris color, and hyperlipidemia were seen more frequently in the AMD group. Average MPOD values in the AMD group were; 3.69\u2009\u00b1\u20091.82 (baseline), 4.74\u2009\u00b1\u20091.29 (3rd month), 4.99\u2009\u00b1\u20091.27 (6th month), and 5.02\u2009\u00b1\u20091.35 (9th month) dB, respectively. In the control group, the average MPOD was 4.97\u2009\u00b1\u20091.27\u2005dB. At the baseline, the MPOD of the AMD group was significantly lower than the control group. Smoking, obesity, poor dietary lutein intake, light iris color, and hyperlipidemia were associated with low MPOD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between MPOD and AMD is controversial in the literature. Low MPOD and AMD may be related depending on our results. Quit smoking, and having a rich dietary L-Z intake are important for preventing AMD progression. The results of the CP are consistent with the other psychophysical tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721251339507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T02:50:19Z","timestamp":1746586219000},"page":"1675-1685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of the macula pigment optical density by a psychophysical test in dry age-related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6344-5662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feyza","family":"\u00c7al\u0131\u015f Karanfil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emin","family":"\u00d6zmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.11.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.14.001187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90123-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"2033","article-title":"Stereochemistry of the human macular carotenoids","volume":"34","author":"Bone RA","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bone RA, Landrum JT, Hime GW, et al. Stereochemistry of the human macular carotenoids. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993; 34: 2033\u20132040.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"Macular pigment in the human retina: histological evaluation of localization and distribution","volume":"22","author":"Trieschmann M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Trieschmann M, van Kuijk FJGM, Alexander R, et al. Macular pigment in the human retina: histological evaluation of localization and distribution. Eye(Lond) 2008; 22: 132\u2013137.","journal-title":"Eye(Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(92)90288-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1577-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.18.001212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02423.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-1176-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0796-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"1928","article-title":"Macular pigment and melanin in age-related maculopathy in a general population","volume":"43","author":"Berendschot TT","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berendschot TT, Willemse-Assink JJ, Bastiaanse M, et al. Macular pigment and melanin in age-related maculopathy in a general population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 1928\u20131932.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00409-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0430"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"Macular pigment and risk for age-related macular degeneration in subjects from a northern European population","volume":"42","author":"Beatty S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beatty S, Murray IJ, Henson DB, et al. Macular pigment and risk for age-related macular degeneration in subjects from a northern European population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42: 439\u2013446.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520180037032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-1839(04)70049-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6713"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"1928","article-title":"Macular pigment and melanin in age-related maculopathy in a general population","volume":"43","author":"Berendschot TTJM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berendschot TTJM, Willemse-Assink JJM, Bastiaanse M, et al. Macular pigment and melanin in age-related maculopathy in a general population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 1928\u20131932.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0478-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"1492","article-title":"Macular pigment optical density in a southwestern sample","volume":"41","author":"Hammond BR","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hammond BR, Caruso-Avery M. Macular pigment optical density in a southwestern sample. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 1492\u20131497.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00290-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(96)00008-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.5.1208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"47","article-title":"Macular pigment density is reduced in obese subjects","volume":"43","author":"Hammond BR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hammond BR, Ciulla T, Snodderly DM. Macular pigment density is reduced in obese subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 47\u201350.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.6.796"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.5.1208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2004.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2376-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(03)00280-3"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721251339507","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721251339507","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721251339507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:41:17Z","timestamp":1777405277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721251339507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721251339507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721251339507","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]}}}