{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:09:16Z","timestamp":1784020156436,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The response to intravitreal brolucizumab on diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular ischemia was studied in treatment-refractory and treatment-na\u00efve patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with either recalcitrant (group 1) or treatment-na\u00efve (group 2) DME were studied before and after intravitreal brolucizumab. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A). We compared the DME and macular\/choriocapillaris ischemia before and after the loading dose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 33 eyes of 26 patients were examined. 18 eyes were switched to brolucizumab, 15 eyes were treatment naive. All eyes responded with anatomical and functional improvement: group 1: 391 vs 298\u2005\u03bcm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), 0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 logMAR vs. 0.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 logMAR) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), group 2: 430 vs 281\u2005\u03bcm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0007), 0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 logMAR vs. 0.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 logMAR (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). In group 2 there was also significant improvement in retinal vascular parameters, especially in the central and inner circles of the ETDRS grid: central capillary density 6.55 vs 9.03\u2005mm\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008), inner 11.2 vs 13, 9\u2005mm\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), central perfusion density 15.5% vs 20.7% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Choriocapillaris flow deficit (CCFD%) also improved after the loading dose (40.3 vs. 35.3,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Although not statistically significant, there was also an improved foveal circularity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intravitreal brolucizumab leads to significant functional and anatomical improvement in diabetic macular edema and has also a beneficial effect on macular ischemia as shown by improvement in both retinal and choroidal perfusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721251340436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T19:00:57Z","timestamp":1747854057000},"page":"2174-2183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of brolucizumab on diabetic macular edema and ischemia; a real-world analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1135-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Argyrios","family":"Chronopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwigshafen City Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6225-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Vidal-Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea K.","family":"Sas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwigshafen City Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob W.","family":"Holzwarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwigshafen City Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Schutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwigshafen City Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars-Olof","family":"Hattenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwigshafen City Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3448"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3143-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3148-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3989310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119857511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721241237069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01750-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00653"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"3402","article-title":"Rapid tumor penetration of a single-chain Fv and comparison with other immunoglobulin forms","volume":"52","author":"Yokota T","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yokota T, Milenic DE, Whitlow M, et al. 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