{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:08:59Z","timestamp":1784020139675,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of neurovisual rehabilitation using the AvDesk training system (Linari Medical, Pisa, Italy) in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in their eye with better visual acuity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a prospective, observational, single-centre case series design. All patients underwent neurovisual rehabilitation using an AvDesk device. The protocol included sessions twice a week for a duration of 3 consecutive weeks. Before and at the end of the protocol, all patients underwent a standardized ophthalmic examination. MAIA microperimeter was used to assess fixation parameters, using bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) at both 63% and 95% confidence intervals, and macular sensitivity (MS). Additionally, the NEI-VFQ 25 questionnaire was administered to evaluate the clinical response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      17 eyes from 17 patients were included in the study. The mean (SD) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline was 0.55 (0.28), improving to 0.39 (0.26) LogMAR (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002), after completing the training. The mean (SD) MS did not change, ranging from 8.81 (6.08) d\u00df to 8.60 (5.99) d\u00df (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.30). Following training, both BCEA 63% and 95% values exhibited a modest reduction, although these changes did not reach statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Absolute scotomas remained stable (24.41 before treatment vs. 24.65 after treatment;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.83). The NEI-VFQ 25 overall score improved from 55.05 to 62.18 post-treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AvDesk training system is an effective tool for neurovisual rehabilitation in AMD patients with GA, yielding improvements in BCVA, fixation stability and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721251349039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T05:44:26Z","timestamp":1754286266000},"page":"2017-2025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurovisual rehabilitation of patients with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration with AvDesk system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2632-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Del Fabbro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4023-5387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9630-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Antropoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Nunziata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Stimola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linari Medical s.r.l., Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Sarasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Agosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Arrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3238-9682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Bandello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Battaglia Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"2566","article-title":"Demographic characteristics of the vision-disabled elderly","volume":"38","author":"Elliott DB","year":"1997","unstructured":"Elliott DB, Trukolo-Ilic M, Strong JG, et al. Demographic characteristics of the vision-disabled elderly. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38: 2566\u20132575.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198103000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01520-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01583-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.152231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr801oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/133882350500377762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198602000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2020.1779754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2020.1786411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Development and implementation of a new telerehabilitation system for audiovisual stimulation training in hemianopia","author":"Tinelli F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tinelli F, Cioni G, Purpura G. Development and implementation of a new telerehabilitation system for audiovisual stimulation training in hemianopia. Front Neurol 2017; 8: 621. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00621","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"1268","article-title":"Reading with a macular scotoma. II. Retinal locus for scanning text","volume":"28","author":"Timberlake GT","year":"1987","unstructured":"Timberlake GT, Peli E, Essock EA, et al. Reading with a macular scotoma. II. Retinal locus for scanning text. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987; 28: 1268\u20131274.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.11.1496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.7.1050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S45248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","article-title":"Danish version of visual function questionnaire-25 and its use in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"58","author":"S\u00f8rensen MS","year":"2011","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen MS, Andersen S, Henningsen GO, et al. Danish version of visual function questionnaire-25 and its use in age-related macular degeneration. Dan Med Bull 2011; 58: A4290.","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0330-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-5056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820d3fba"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523809990265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00213.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2764-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10734"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-009-9083-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","article-title":"Effectiveness of vision rehabilitation treatment through MP-1 microperimeter in patients with visual loss due to macular disease","volume":"163","author":"Pacella E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pacella E, Pacella F, Mazzeo F, et al. Effectiveness of vision rehabilitation treatment through MP-1 microperimeter in patients with visual loss due to macular disease. Clin Ter 2012; 163: e423\u2013e428.","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-017-0071-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.5.63"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721251349039","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721251349039","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721251349039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T08:54:03Z","timestamp":1784019243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721251349039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721251349039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721251349039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]}}}