{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:09:09Z","timestamp":1784020149888,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of our investigation was to analyze interocular asymmetry of choroidal and retinal microcirculation in patients taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to deepen understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of HCQ retinal toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study. The study included 21 patients using HCQ for over 5 years (high-risk group), 25 patients using HCQ for 5 years or less (low-risk group) and 25 healthy patients. Asymmetry index (AI) of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) quantitative parameters (vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), total capillary plexus (TCP), and choriocapillaris (CC)) in 4.5 mm\u2009\u00d7\u20094.5 mm cube were registered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the HCQ group, AI of CC VD in the central area was decreased compared to the control group, even though statistical significance was not reached (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value 0.053). In the high-risk group, AI of TCP VD in the foveal region was diminished compared to the low-risk group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value 0.021). No differences in AI of SCP and DCP VD and FAZ area were observed between HCQ group and control group, and between high-risk and low-risk groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &gt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrated a lower AI of TCP VD in the central area in patients using HCQ for over 5 years. Thus, we suggest that HCQ may play a protective role in preserving ocular microcirculation in patients with autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721251354834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T09:36:03Z","timestamp":1751016963000},"page":"2244-2250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of interocular asymmetry in hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7919-0462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Remol\u00ed-Sargues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Arnau de Vilanova"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0399-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Monferrer-Adsuara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"L\u00f3pez-Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Arnau de Vilanova"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Arnau de Vilanova"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Franc\u00e9s-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Arnau de Vilanova"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Cl\u00ednica Baviera, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Castro-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Cl\u00ednica Baviera, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05946-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06023-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2024.104747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"112067212210763","article-title":"New insights in pathogenic mechanism of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity through optical coherence tomography angiography analysis","author":"Remol\u00ed Sargues L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Remol\u00ed Sargues L, Monferrer Adsuara C, Castro Navarro V, et al. 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