{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:19:44Z","timestamp":1777580384289,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness Challenge Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the incidence of post\u2013vitrectomy ocular ischemic events, including retinal artery occlusion (RAO), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study examined 120,350 patients who underwent vitrectomy. Using a multicenter healthcare database, patients with a CPT code for any vitrectomy procedure were assessed for subsequent ocular ischemic events. A follow-up analysis of 510,915 patients was performed to determine the risk attributable to vitrectomy versus clinical characteristics. Exclusion criteria included history of prior ocular ischemic events and less than 6 months of follow up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first post-operative month had a significantly higher risk of vascular occlusions compared to the 6\u201312-month period, with incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of 9.69 (95% CI: 6.9\u201313.7) for RAO, 11.43 (95% CI: 9.3\u201314.1) for RVO, and 8.75 (95% CI: 5.2\u201314.7) for NAION. The IRR for overall ischemic events was also increased during the first month following vitrectomy at 10.7 (95% CI: 9.0\u201312.7) and remained elevated up to 6 months later with an IRR of 1.49 (95% CI: 1.2\u20131.8) for the 3\u20136-month period compared to 6\u201312-months postoperatively. A separate multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of overall ischemic events was most correlated to vitrectomy (hazard ratio [HR] 3.32, 95% CI: 3.10\u20133.57) over multiple variables including cataract surgery (HR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.42\u20131.56) and nicotine use (HR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08\u20131.22).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitrectomy is correlated with significantly increased risk of ocular ischemic events, particularly within the first month following surgery. This risk gradually declines but remains elevated up to 6 months postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721251403004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T16:52:22Z","timestamp":1765471942000},"page":"745-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating ocular ischemic events following pars plana vitrectomy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Alshaikhsalama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3752-0547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haafiz","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3767-5824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Shieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5552-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angeline L.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Omari A Mahmoud TH. 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