{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T02:50:44Z","timestamp":1781923844094,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss. There is no cure for AMD. Current treatments focus on preventing disease progression and preserving vision. In recent years, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in AMD has attracted increasing attention. BDNF is widely involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of the retina. These include the development of photoreceptors during early development and synaptic communication between photoreceptors and retinal neurons. Under pathological conditions, BDNF affects the functions of multiple cell types in the retina including photoreceptors, ganglion cells, M\u00fcller cells, microglia cells, amacrine cells, and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Importantly, BDNF does not act alone. Its function relates with other neurotrophic factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Meanwhile, the dynamic interaction between BDNF, its precursor protein proBDNF and the BDNF receptor TrkB not only affects the survival of retinal cells in AMD but may also guide the treatment strategy. Various approaches have been taken to deliver BDNF in animal models for managing AMD. Despite the exciting progress, challenges remain in implementing BDNF therapy as an effective treatment. In this review, we summarize the current research progress of BDNF in AMD and highlight the issues that need to be addressed before translation into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721261427214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T13:35:09Z","timestamp":1772199309000},"page":"805-816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in age-related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0410-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haotian","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"353","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"58","author":"Nowak JZ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nowak JZ. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): pathogenesis and therapy. Pharmacol Rep PR 2006; 58: 353\u2013363.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep PR"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"232","article-title":"Optimising the management of choroidal neovascularisation in Asian patients: consensus on treatment recommendations for anti-VEGF therapy","volume":"52","author":"Koh A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koh A, Lim TH, Au Eong KG, et al. Optimising the management of choroidal neovascularisation in Asian patients: consensus on treatment recommendations for anti-VEGF therapy. Singapore Med J 2011; 52: 232\u2013240.","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01583-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01765-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Chen X","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen X, Rong SS, Xu Q, et al. Diabetes Mellitus and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2014; 9: e108196.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-017-0510-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.56342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190410001723308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.677"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45106-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01667-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1155333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74239-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00279-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2007.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1602739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-06-02097.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-08-02891.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-7936-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680902972358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"2244","article-title":"Production of brain derived neurotrophic factor by human M\u00fcller cells and its upregulation by platelet derived growth factor","volume":"44","author":"Ghazi-Nouri SM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ghazi-Nouri SM, Charteris DG, Moss SE, et al. Production of brain derived neurotrophic factor by human M\u00fcller cells and its upregulation by platelet derived growth factor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44: 2244.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)11123-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"2996","article-title":"Patterned expression of BDNF and NT-3 in the retina and anterior segment of the developing mammalian eye","volume":"40","author":"Bennett JL","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bennett JL, Zeiler SR, Jones KR. Patterned expression of BDNF and NT-3 in the retina and anterior segment of the developing mammalian eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 2996\u20133005.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-7-53"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"4014","article-title":"Colocalization of TrkB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor proteins in green-red-sensitive cone outer segments","volume":"41","author":"Di Polo A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Di Polo A, Cheng L, Bray GM, et al. Colocalization of TrkB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor proteins in green-red-sensitive cone outer segments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 4014\u20134021.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6620900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"991","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Afarid M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Afarid M, Torabi-Nami M, Nemati A, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8: 991.","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502819102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.02.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(98)00222-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221099488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.861757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2008.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","first-page":"927","article-title":"Neurotrophic factors cause activation of intracellular signaling pathways in M\u00fcller cells and other cells of the inner retina, but not photoreceptors","volume":"41","author":"Wahlin KJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wahlin KJ, Campochiaro PA, Zack DJ, et al. Neurotrophic factors cause activation of intracellular signaling pathways in M\u00fcller cells and other cells of the inner retina, but not photoreceptors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 927\u2013936.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01440-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(92)90090-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2817252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9208489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-10-04164.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-019-0493-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8104-5-30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81185-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970915)386:1<149::AID-CNE13>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","first-page":"4362","article-title":"Dopaminergic therapies decrease risk of progression in early and intermediate non-exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"65","author":"Morgan R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morgan R, Weng P, Grewal DS, et al. Dopaminergic therapies decrease risk of progression in early and intermediate non-exudative age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65: 4362.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","first-page":"247412642513303","article-title":"Possible association between dopamine antagonists and increased conversion to exudative age-related macular degeneration","author":"Weng PJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weng PJ, Morgan R, Grewal DS, et al. Possible association between dopamine antagonists and increased conversion to exudative age-related macular degeneration. J Vitreoretin Dis 2025: 24741264251330338.","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.113399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpap.2023.100225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02274-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.2.42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","article-title":"Role of fractalkine\/CX3CR1 interaction in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration through regulating retinal microglial activation and migration","volume":"7","author":"Zhang M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang M, Xu G, Liu W, et al. Role of fractalkine\/CX3CR1 interaction in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration through regulating retinal microglial activation and migration. PloS One 2012; 7: e35446.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","first-page":"210","article-title":"Complement C5a receptor knockout has diminished light-induced microglia\/macrophage retinal migration","volume":"23","author":"Song D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song D, Sulewski ME, Wang C, et al. Complement C5a receptor knockout has diminished light-induced microglia\/macrophage retinal migration. Mol Vis 2017; 23: 210\u2013218.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09228.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","first-page":"2088","article-title":"The impact of basic fibroblast growth factor on photoreceptor function and morphology - Google search","volume":"40","unstructured":"The impact of basic fibroblast growth factor on photoreceptor function and morphology - Google search. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999 Aug; 40: 2088\u20132099, https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Invest+Ophthalmol+Vis+Sci+1999+Aug%3B40(9)%3A2088-99.+The+impact+of+basic+fibroblast+growth+factor+on+photoreceptor+function+and+morphology&rlz=1C5CHFA_enSG1101SG1101&oq=Invest+Ophthalmol+Vis+Sci+1999+Aug%3B40(9)%3A2088-99.+The+impact+of+basic+fibroblast+growth+factor+on+photoreceptor+function+and+morphology&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBBzI0NWowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&sei=HOeBaLCNEvOQseMPg7vEqA0 (accessed 24 July 2025).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-09-03554.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00566-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1509434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.23.11249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","first-page":"816","article-title":"Tyrosine triple mutated AAV2-BDNF gene therapy in a rat model of transient IOP elevation","volume":"22","author":"Igarashi T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Igarashi T, Miyake K, Kobayashi M, et al. Tyrosine triple mutated AAV2-BDNF gene therapy in a rat model of transient IOP elevation. Mol Vis 2016; 22: 816\u2013826.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","unstructured":"Gauthier R. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene delivery to M\u00fcller Glia preserves structure and function of light-damaged photoreceptors."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","first-page":"3744","article-title":"Protective effect against ischemia and light damage of iris pigment epithelial cells transfected with the BDNF gene","volume":"43","author":"Kano T","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kano T, Abe T, Tomita H, et al. Protective effect against ischemia and light damage of iris pigment epithelial cells transfected with the BDNF gene. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 3744\u20133753.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1434-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","first-page":"873","article-title":"Translocation of the retinal pigment epithelium and formation of sub-retinal pigment epithelium deposit induced by subretinal deposit","volume":"13","author":"Zhao L","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao L, Wang Z, Liu Y, et al. Translocation of the retinal pigment epithelium and formation of sub-retinal pigment epithelium deposit induced by subretinal deposit. Mol Vis 2007; 13: 873\u2013880.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00038.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0436"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05199-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao4097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04175-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2062-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202618666210518133634"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-020-00250-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1909-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2024.112556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04412-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","first-page":"1417","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8","volume":"119","author":"Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group","year":"2001","unstructured":"Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill 1960 2001; 119: 1417\u20131436.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill 1960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114770"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/928123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130726"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.4.6.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01780-w"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721261427214","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721261427214","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721261427214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T02:01:06Z","timestamp":1781920866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721261427214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721261427214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721261427214","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}}}