{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:18:54Z","timestamp":1787653134134,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY025585(BA-A)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY025585(BA-A)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular manifestations of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), particularly related to elevated testosterone, are understudied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate prevalence and odds of ocular diseases in PCOS patients using large-scale electronic health records (EHRs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study comparing females aged 15\u201350 with PCOS (n\u2009=\u2009494,557) to two controls: total female population (n\u2009=\u200932,162,331) and BMI \u226530 (n\u2009=\u20094,895,226), based on ICD-10 ocular diagnoses. Prevalence odds ratios (PORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and used to determine statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TriNetX US Collaborative Network, comprising EHRs from 70 healthcare organizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence and PORs of 17 ocular conditions in PCOS versus controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCOS patients had higher ocular disease prevalence than both total female (11\/17) and high BMI (12\/17) groups, and higher PORs. Dry eye (245.63 vs. 129.99 and 105.99 per 10,000) and glaucoma (117.86 vs. 80.39 and 56.44 per 10,000) were significantly more prevalent (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, papilledema, diabetic retinopathy (p &lt; 0.001), and several posterior segment diseases also had increased prevalence rates among PCOS patients (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCOS is associated with an increased odds of ocular disease independent of BMI. Hormonal and metabolic factors may underlie this relationship and should be further explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721261436102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T12:28:24Z","timestamp":1775824104000},"page":"1332-1342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of polycystic ovarian syndrome on ocular health"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Ohio Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3070-318X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David 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