{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:18:53Z","timestamp":1787653133056,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of oral riboflavin and sunlight exposure in stabilizing keratoconus progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective interventional study with a retrospective historical control group, patients with progressive keratoconus received 60\u2005mg\/day of oral riboflavin and 30\u2005min\/day of sunlight exposure for three months. A historical control group included patients with similar characteristics who were awaiting cross-linking or keratoplasty. Ophthalmological exams and corneal topography were conducted at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months post-treatment. A sub-analysis was performed for patients with corneal stromal thickness (CST)\u2009\u2265\u2009400\u2005\u00b5m and &lt; 400\u2005\u00b5m.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty patients [91 eyes; 31 (62%) males] with a mean age of 18.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 years (range, 11\u201331) and a mean maximum keratometry (Kmax) of 57.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3 D comprised the treatment group. Kmax flattened (\u22121.22\u2009\u00b1\u20094.78 D; P\u2009=\u20090.003) in treated eyes; however, it steepened (+0.32\u2009\u00b1\u200911.96 D; P\u2009=\u20090.455) in controls at 6 months. Keratoconus progression occurred in 27.5% of treated eyes versus 49.5% in controls (P\u2009=\u20090.002). Eyes with CST\u2009\u2265\u2009400\u2005\u00b5m had a 3.85-fold higher risk of progression in the control group than in treated eyes (95% CI: 1.6\u20139.3; P\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After one year, 72.5% of treated eyes remained stable following the use of oral riboflavin and sunlight exposure, with a significantly lower risk of progression in eyes with normal CST.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721261436122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:08:41Z","timestamp":1774847321000},"page":"1273-1282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral riboflavin supplementation and sunlight exposure: A possible novel and accessible approach to stabilize progressive keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4662-7979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edilana S\u00e1 Ribeiro","family":"Camp\u00ealo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, HOPE Eye Hospital, Recife, PE, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, HOPE Eye Hospital, Caruaru, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0917-9348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Regnis Leite","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, HOPE Eye Hospital, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Spinelli","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8172-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eron Gurgel","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla Valen\u00e7a Collier","family":"Padilha Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Martins de Melo","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela Raposo Vieira","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6704-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taciana Mirely Maciel","family":"Higino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2927-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila V","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, HOPE Eye Hospital, Recife, PE, Brazil"},{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alvaro Pereira","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4333-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna V","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altino Ventura Foundation"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, HOPE Eye Hospital, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walton","family":"Nos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001878"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20190003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0034-7280.20180006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0034-7280.20170010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Keratoconus: breaking paradigms and contradictions of a new subspecialty","volume":"78","author":"Ambr\u00f3sio Jr R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ambr\u00f3sio Jr R, Lopes B, Amaral J, et al. Keratoconus: breaking paradigms and contradictions of a new subspecialty. Rev Bras Oftalmol 2019; 78: 81\u201385.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2016.1145104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saedisomeolia A Ashoori M. Chapter two - riboflavin in human health: a review of current evidences. In: Eskin NAMBT-A in F and NR (eds) New research and developments of water-soluble vitamins. Winnipeg MB Canada: Academic Press 2018 pp.57\u201381.","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2017.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19082\/6279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.1.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000001241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20160318-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85361-7_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Chromsystems Instruments & Chemicals GmbH. Vitamin B2 (FAD FMN Riboflavin total) in whole blood \u2013 HPLC [instructions for use BL3155\u2013REV01]. Niter\u00f3i: BioSys Ltda 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-4430-eng.agric.v38n3p334-342\/2018","article-title":"Green roof: simulation of energy balance components in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil","volume":"38","author":"Omar A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Omar A, Vigoderis R, Pandorfi H, et al. Green roof: simulation of energy balance components in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Eng Agr\u00edc 2018; 38: 334\u2013342.","journal-title":"Eng Agr\u00edc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.25.000359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2020.1851556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Topographic corneal changes induced by oral riboflavin in the treatment of corneal ectasia","volume":"59","author":"Schaeffer K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schaeffer K, Jarstad J, Schaeffer A, et al. Topographic corneal changes induced by oral riboflavin in the treatment of corneal ectasia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59: 1413.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01462-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20140523-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50831-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.5.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000001160"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721261436122","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721261436122","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721261436122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:24:50Z","timestamp":1787649890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721261436122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721261436122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721261436122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]}}}