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Follicular lymphoma was the most common subtype (n\u2009=\u200913, 41.9%) and was more associated with unilateral disease compared to other subtypes (p\u2009=\u20090.01). Common presenting symptoms included a palpable mass (n\u2009=\u200917, 54.8%), eyelid swelling (n\u2009=\u200916, 51.6%), and ptosis (n\u2009=\u200912, 38.7%). Patients were most often diagnosed with Ann Arbor Stage IV lymphoma (n\u2009=\u200917, 54.8%) via incisional biopsy (n\u2009=\u200913, 41.9%). Radiation therapy (n\u2009=\u20099, 29.0%) was the most common initial treatment, and most patients received radiation (n\u2009=\u200919, 61.3%) and\/or chemotherapy (n\u2009=\u200921, 67.7%). A majority of patients had final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) within 1 line of initial BCVA (n\u2009=\u200919, 82.6%) and had no local recurrences (n\u2009=\u200921, 67.7%). However, complete remission was rare (n\u2009=\u20093, 9.7%), and systemic recurrence occurred in over half of patients (n\u2009=\u200918, 58.1%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Follicular lymphoma was the predominant subtype of secondary orbital lymphoma in this cohort. Most patients with secondary orbital lymphoma presented with advanced disease where few achieved complete remission and more than half of the patients developed systemic recurrence despite majority retaining visual acuity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721261452074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T11:01:24Z","timestamp":1778929284000},"page":"1748-1758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcomes of secondary orbital lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9083-1831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trisha YC","family":"Pecoraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7246-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenny Y","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8025-3362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B Michelle","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5865-1453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant M","family":"Welk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6813-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A","family":"Churchill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5818-0073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea A","family":"Tooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-4284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A","family":"Dalvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.185055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-11-73"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-023-05569-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.03.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01198-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-200207000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721251338705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2020.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-004-0914-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.4810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.146910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armitage JO Gascoyne RD Lunning MA et al. 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