{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:50:11Z","timestamp":1792108211090,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy of 15-s versus 30-s intraoperative applications of 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) in preventing corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for moderate myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective, paired-eye study enrolled 50 patients (100 eyes) with bilateral moderate myopia (\u22123.00 to \u22126.00 D). Each patient underwent bilateral wavefront-optimized PRK. One eye was randomized to receive\n                      <jats:underline>0.02% MMC<\/jats:underline>\n                      for 15\u2005s, and the fellow eye received it for 30\u2005s. The primary outcome was the incidence and severity of corneal haze, graded on a 0\u20134 scale at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The secondary outcome was uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median age was 25.5 years (range, 18\u201353). Preoperative refractive errors were symmetrical between paired eyes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Postoperative corneal haze was minimal and transient. Median haze scores were 0 at all timepoints beyond the 1-week visit. Haze severity decreased significantly over time in both groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with no statistically significant differences between the 15-s and 30-s groups at any follow-up visit (P\u2009\u2265\u20090.08). At 6 months, the median UDVA was 0.00 logMAR in both groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.0).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 15-s intraoperative application of 0.02% MMC\n                      <jats:underline>resulted in comparable rates of corneal haze prevention and excellent visual outcomes to<\/jats:underline>\n                      a 30-s application in preventing corneal haze and achieving excellent visual outcomes after wavefront-optimized PRK for moderate myopia.\n                      <jats:underline>Shorter exposure times may enhance safety by minimizing potential cytotoxic risks.<\/jats:underline>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721261461908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:27:58Z","timestamp":1782847678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing mitomycin C in photorefractive keratectomy: A paired-eye comparison of 15- versus 30-second applications"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5522-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Gaber","family":"Okasha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Azhar University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdallah","family":"Brakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, ABA Eye Clinic, Solna \/ Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9682-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr","family":"Mounir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sohag University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossameldin A.","family":"Ziada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Azhar University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000151544.23360.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00208-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00019-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"1682","article-title":"Mitomycin C in laser vision correction","volume":"50","author":"Kim TI","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim TI, Tchah H. Mitomycin C in laser vision correction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 1682\u20131691.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(02)01701-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Excimer laser surface ablation: a review of recent literature","volume":"14","author":"O'Brart DPS","year":"2020","unstructured":"O'Brart DPS. Excimer laser surface ablation: a review of recent literature. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14: 209\u2013234.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"1742","article-title":"Mitomycin C in surface ablation: effect on corneal haze and refractive stability","volume":"35","author":"Kermani O","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kermani O, Schmiedt K, Oberheide U, et al. Mitomycin C in surface ablation: effect on corneal haze and refractive stability. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009; 35: 1742\u20131747.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Reduced mitomycin-C exposure times in photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"114","author":"Virasch VV","year":"2007","unstructured":"Virasch VV, Majmudar PA, Epstein RJ, et al. Reduced mitomycin-C exposure times in photorefractive keratectomy. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 215\u2013220.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Evaluation of low-dose mitomycin C in the prevention of haze after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"23","author":"Thornton I","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thornton I, Dupps WJJr, Krueger RR. Evaluation of low-dose mitomycin C in the prevention of haze after photorefractive keratectomy. J Refract Surg 2007; 23: 43\u201352.","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070070051034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00782-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3768_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"272","article-title":"Mitomycin C use in photorefractive keratectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Shalaby A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shalaby A, Ghanem A, Saad H, et al. Mitomycin C use in photorefractive keratectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Refract Surg 2021; 37: 272\u2013279.","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.11.060"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721261461908","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721261461908","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721261461908","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:19:20Z","timestamp":1792106360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721261461908"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721261461908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721261461908","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"article-number":"11206721261461908"}}