{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T19:58:19Z","timestamp":1785700699790,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the influence of general anesthesia (GA)-induced systemic hypotension on retrobulbar blood flow and pressure flow-coupling in glaucomatous versus non-glaucomatous eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective single-center case-control study including glaucoma and non-glaucomatous patients scheduled for ocular surgery under GA. Retrobulbar blood flow velocities were assessed with color Doppler imaging before and 1-min after GA induction simultaneous with blood pressure (BP) measurements. Linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts for subjects were used to evaluate the effects of group, time, and their interaction on MFV, adjusting for age, gender, intraocular pressure, statin, and systemic antihypertensive medication. A three-way interaction model analyzed pressure\u2013flow coupling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-seven glaucoma patients and 37 controls were included. GA induction caused comparable reductions in systolic BP in both groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). A significant group \u00d7 time interaction was observed for MFV (\u03b2=\u22125.46\u2005cm\/s;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). MFV remained stable in controls but decreased significantly in glaucoma patients. A significant group \u00d7 time \u00d7 MAP interaction (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) revealed altered pressure\u2013flow coupling in glaucoma patients. No differences were observed between primary and secondary glaucoma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glaucomatous eyes demonstrated impaired autoregulatory responses to GA-induced hypotension, suggesting increased vulnerability to perfusion stress during general anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01840215<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721261470968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:22:34Z","timestamp":1785421354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["General anesthesia significantly decreases arterial retrobulbar blood flow velocity in glaucoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7035-6739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Pargana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ULS Santa Maria"},{"name":"Visual Sciences Study Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Willekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Van Keer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Van Calster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Deckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Vertommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelien","family":"Vandewalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0815-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Stalmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7507-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Stalmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9960-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Abeg\u00e3o Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ULS Santa Maria"},{"name":"Visual Sciences Study Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, 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