{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T08:26:23Z","timestamp":1787300783638,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic Canalicular Inflammatory Disease (ICID) lacks evidence-based management. We compared the long-term efficacy of four treatment modalities using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) as an objective biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prospective randomized study included 52 patients (\n                      <jats:bold>87 eyes<\/jats:bold>\n                      ) with ICID allocated to topical corticosteroids, cyclosporine A (Cs A), monocanalicular intubation, and combined therapy (intubation\u2009+\u2009Cs A). Evaluations included the Munk scale, punctal size, and AS-OCT morphometry at baseline, post-treatment, and at 6\u201312 months of follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cs A monotherapy demonstrated the most stable functional outcome; the median Munk score decreased significantly and remained sustained at 6\u201312 months (72.7% success; median recurrence 473 days). Intubation yielded superior short-term anatomical results, but showed functional regression after extubation. Combined therapy demonstrated poor efficacy (0% success at 6\u201312 months; median recurrence 93 days), likely due to the stent-induced limitation of Cs A exposure. AS-OCT identified canalicular lumen diameter and punctal epithelial thickness as independent predictors of success. Conventional clinical scales have shown insufficient sensitivity compared to AS-OCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prolonged Cs A monotherapy provides superior long-term outcomes compared with mechanical interventions, supporting an anti-inflammatory approach. AS-OCT morphometry is a sensitive tool for predicting the treatment success. Combined therapy with simultaneous stent placement and Cs A should be reconsidered because of counterproductive mechanical barrier effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721261470974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:56:14Z","timestamp":1786971374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative efficacy of treatment modalities for idiopathic canalicular inflammatory disease: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2990-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasily D.","family":"Yartsev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lacrimal Pathology Department, Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7412-0994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina K.","family":"Kulish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lacrimal Pathology Department, Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia L.","family":"Atkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lacrimal Pathology Department, Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1641_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2021.0069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2014.962163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/bej.2023.38980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.114790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1164","article-title":"Presaccal stenosis as a cause of epiphora","volume":"48","author":"L\u00fcchtenberg M","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00fcchtenberg M, Berkefeld J, Bink A. Presaccal stenosis as a cause of epiphora. Radiologe 2008; 48: 1164\u20131168.","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-1031-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S255979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.07.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7666323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"7988091","article-title":"Changes of lacrimal puncta by anterior segment optical coherence tomography after topical combined antibiotic and steroid treatment in cases of inflammatory punctual stenosis","volume":"2022","author":"Awny I","year":"2022","unstructured":"Awny I, Mossa EAMM, Bakheet TM, et al. Changes of lacrimal puncta by anterior segment optical coherence tomography after topical combined antibiotic and steroid treatment in cases of inflammatory punctual stenosis. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022: 7988091. 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