{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:40:43Z","timestamp":1793022043113,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the frequency and patterns of intravitreal therapy (IVT) switching in retinal diseases and describe associated visual acuity outcomes in real-world clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, monocentric study evaluated consecutive IVT-treated cases at a tertiary retina unit. Demographic data, diagnoses, initial agent, injection number, and treatment switches were recorded. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR) was assessed at baseline and final follow-up. Switching was defined as a change to another anti-VEGF agent or intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant for inadequate functional and\/or anatomical response. BCVA changes were compared using appropriate tests, stratified by indication (diabetic macular edema [DME], neovascular age-related macular degeneration [nAMD], retinal vein occlusion [RVO]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 3,038 IVT-treated cases (11,345 injections) were analyzed. The main indications were DME (55.5%), nAMD (36.4%), and RVO (6.0%). Overall, 22.9% of treated cases underwent treatment switching, most frequently in DME (24.8%) and nAMD (20.8%). Within-group analyses showed significant BCVA improvement after switching in DME (p\u2009=\u20090.001), RVO (p\u2009=\u20090.032), and nAMD (p\u2009=\u20090.009), while non-switched groups showed no significant change. Aflibercept was the most commonly selected second-line agent (81.7%), and the aflibercept subgroup showed significant within-group BCVA improvement (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Because treatment choice was not randomized, this finding should not be interpreted as evidence of superiority over other second-line agents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective real-world cohort, treatment switching was common in routine retinal practice, and switched cases showed within-group BCVA improvement in some diagnostic subgroups. These findings should be interpreted as descriptive associations rather than evidence of a causal treatment effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721261471209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:33:55Z","timestamp":1784810035000},"page":"1706-1713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-World outcomes of intravitreal treatment switching in retinal diseases: Analysis of 3,038 treated cases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2132-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tugce","family":"Horozoglu Ceran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gullu","family":"Jabbarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Rize State Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Yokus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4846-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muberra","family":"Akdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7237-9847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03529-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181a2c1c3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2022.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2025-002178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_696_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01178-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-03881-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000546682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S316271"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-025-01224-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0779-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.90"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721261471209","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11206721261471209","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11206721261471209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:11:11Z","timestamp":1793020271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11206721261471209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11206721261471209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721261471209","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}}}