{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:22:00Z","timestamp":1777580520854,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]],"date-time":"1998-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":891388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed the phoric and refractive changes possibly caused by visual display unit (VDU) activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a longitudinal trial nearly 6000 VDU operators received two ophthalmological examinations at intervals ranging from 34 to 43 months. The findings from the two examinations were correlated to VDU work (hours daily and years of VDU work), age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in the refractive state seemed to be mainly age-related. There was a slight tendency toward hyperopia (imbalance of latent hyperopia).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the analysis of ocular motility, the results show no worsening capable of causing a definitive change from heterophoria to heterotropia. Heterophoric subjects, however, tend to improve both with regular office work and with additional VDU activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219800800205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T05:16:40Z","timestamp":1520918200000},"page":"76-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long-Term Refractive and Phoric Changes in Visual Display Unit (VDU) Operators"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"F.M.","family":"Grignolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"II Eye Clinic, Torino University, Torino - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"di Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"II Eye Clinic, Torino University, Torino - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"B.","family":"Bellan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Eye Clinic, Torino University, Torino - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Camerino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Eye Clinic, Torino University, Torino - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health, Torino University, Torino - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-112067219800800205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2198"},{"key":"bibr2-112067219800800205","first-page":"431","volume-title":"Ergonomies and health in modern offices.","author":"Grignolo F.M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr3-112067219800800205","first-page":"S2","volume":"10","author":"Bergqvist U.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"bibr4-112067219800800205","unstructured":"Gruppo italiano di studi sui videoterminali: RubinoG.F., MainaG., SonninoA. Indagine longitudinale sugli operatori ai videoterminali. Atti del 55\u00b0 Congresso Nazionale di Medicina del Lavoro e Igiene Industriale, Torino 30 settembre-3 ottobre 1992; 993\u20137."},{"key":"bibr5-112067219800800205","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Recenti progressi in medicina del lavoro e igiene industriale.","author":"Gambioli S.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr6-112067219800800205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139008925344"},{"key":"bibr7-112067219800800205","volume":"69","author":"Galassi F.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Boll Ocul"},{"key":"bibr8-112067219800800205","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Ergonomic aspects of visual display terminals.","author":"Ostberg O.","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr9-112067219800800205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138408963599"},{"key":"bibr10-112067219800800205","first-page":"S85","volume":"68","author":"Bonomi L.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Boll Ocul"},{"key":"bibr11-112067219800800205","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Ergonomics and health in modern offices.","author":"Gyr S.","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr12-112067219800800205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2207"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr13-112067219800800205","first-page":"71","volume":"68","author":"Dain S.J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Aust J Optom"},{"key":"bibr14-112067219800800205","first-page":"601","volume-title":"Recenti progressi in medicina del lavoro e igiene industriale.","author":"Scarlini F.","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/112067219800800205","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/112067219800800205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:42:50Z","timestamp":1777405370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/112067219800800205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/112067219800800205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/112067219800800205","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}}}