{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:22:16Z","timestamp":1777580536317,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed to demonstrate the increased risk of optic nerve injury by the 40 mm needle when fully inserted into the orbit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrobulbar anesthesia needles 35 and 40 mm long were inserted into the orbits of 12 well-embalmed cadavers, as for typical retrobulbar anesthesia. The needle was seen directly through a fenestration of the orbital roof and by dissection of the orbital structures overlying the optic nerve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all orbits the 40 mm needle reached and in seven cases significantly pushed against the optic nerve and could obviously penetrate its sheaths. The 35 mm needle could just slightly touch the outer optic nerve sheath only in two cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that the 40 mm retrobulbar needle should not be fully inserted into the orbit and the 35 mm retrobulbar needle must be used with caution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219800800312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T05:16:40Z","timestamp":1520918200000},"page":"184-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Risk of Optic Nerve Injury in Retrobulbar Anesthesia: A Comparative Study of 35 and 40 Mm Retrobulbar Needles in 12 Cadavers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Karampatakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmological Clinic, Democritus University, Thrace"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Natsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki - Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gigis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki - Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.T.","family":"Stangos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmological Clinic, Democritus University, Thrace"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-112067219800800312","first-page":"716","volume":"16","author":"Drysdale D.B.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr2-112067219800800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74232-1"},{"key":"bibr3-112067219800800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33649-2"},{"key":"bibr4-112067219800800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33543-7"},{"key":"bibr5-112067219800800312","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Current therapy in ophthalmic surgery.","author":"Brown C.G.","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr6-112067219800800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(88)33130-1"},{"key":"bibr7-112067219800800312","first-page":"1228","volume-title":"Gray's anatomy.","author":"Berry M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr8-112067219800800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32748-5"},{"key":"bibr9-112067219800800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80044-2"},{"key":"bibr10-112067219800800312","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Anasthesie in der Augenheilkunde.","author":"Werry H.","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr11-112067219800800312","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Current therapy in ophthalmic surgery.","author":"Johnson E.D.","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr12-112067219800800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(88)33138-6"},{"key":"bibr13-112067219800800312","first-page":"628","volume":"25","author":"Castillo A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"bibr14-112067219800800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72674-1"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/112067219800800312","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/112067219800800312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:42:55Z","timestamp":1777405375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/112067219800800312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/112067219800800312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/112067219800800312","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}}}