{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:33:13Z","timestamp":1791819193304,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vasc Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>B-mode and Color Doppler are the first-line imaging modalities in cardiovascular diseases. However, conventional ultrasound (US) provides a lower spatial and temporal resolution (70\u2013100 frames per second) compared to ultrafast technology which acquires several thousand frames per second. Consequently, the multiparametric ultrafast platforms manage new imaging algorithms as high-frequency ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, shear wave elastography, vector flow, and local pulse wave imaging. These advances allow better ultrasound performances, more detailed blood flow visualization and vessel walls\u2019 characterization, and many future applications for vascular viscoelastic properties evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this paper, we provide an overview of each new technique\u2019s principles and concepts and the real or potential applications of these modalities on the study of the artery and venous anatomy and pathophysiology of the upper limb before and after creating a native or prosthetic arterio-venous fistula. In particular, we focus on high-frequency ultrasound that could predict cannulation readiness and its potential role in the venous valvular status evaluation before vascular access creation; on contrast-enhanced ultrasound that could improve the peri-operative imaging evaluation during US-guided angioplasty; on shear wave elastography and local pulse wave imaging that could evaluate preoperative vessels stiffness and their potential predictive role in vascular access failure; on vector flow imaging that could better characterize the different components of the vascular access complex flow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211020150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T06:30:33Z","timestamp":1627885833000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Advances in vascular anatomy and pathophysiology using high resolution and multiparametric sonography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1931-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petrucci","family":"Ilaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences, S. 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Anna School of Advanced Studies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorina","family":"Ilaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.14.1.8128046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.200.1.8657912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271X18762250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1953","volume-title":"2009 annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society","author":"Shung K","unstructured":"Shung K, Cannata J, Qifa Zhou M, et al. 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