{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:09:18Z","timestamp":1788815358850,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vasc Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop expert consensus on peripheral venous access devices (PVAD) and associated care practices, and to formulate guidance recommendations aimed at improving peripheral venous access and management, including the integration of vein visualization technology. This is particularly important for patient populations with peripheral venous depletion, who often present with compromised vasculature that complicates successful PVAD access and increases the risk of complications. Preserving vascular integrity in these patients is essential for maintaining treatment pathways and preventing long-term vascular damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A multi-phase approach to consensus development was used consisting of the following: (1) a literature review, (2) a survey and consultation with a vascular access expert panel (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099), and (3) a consultation meeting with patient and public representatives (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survey results and consultation findings from the expert panel demonstrated consensus for 14 of 24 statements. Further analysis resulted in a total of four key problem statements on peripheral venous access and care, and 11 recommendations for future development. Following review by patient and public representatives, three additional recommendations were added, and three existing recommendations were refined. The final consensus statement reflects four problem statements with 14 recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This expert consensus presents 14 evidence-informed statements designed to strengthen practice, improve patient safety, and enhance clinician confidence and competence. Central to these recommendations is the adoption of routine structured pre-insertion vessel assessment using vein visualization technology where appropriate to minimize vessel trauma, and promote more consistent, high-quality vascular access care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298261451300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T07:32:57Z","timestamp":1780039977000},"page":"2320-2329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Embracing technology to improve peripheral intravenous access and care: A consensus statement from vascular access experts and patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3128-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy R","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vascular Access, LLC, Scottsdale, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Strain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Strain Consulting, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Hadaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lynn Hadaway Associates, Inc., Milner, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Schears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Steere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IV Therapy Service and CB1, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AccuVein, Inc., New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5807-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Weathers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.103933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-022-00764-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2021.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15654"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415600891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus","volume":"12","author":"Hsu C-C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsu C-C, Sandford BA. The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus. Pract Assess Res Eval 2007; 12: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Eval"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00220124-20170816-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31380-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0b013e31825af099"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.sjph.20210902.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14941"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NCQ.0000000000000511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","article-title":"Development of the A-DIVA scale: a clinical predictive scale to identify difficult intravenous access in adult patients based on clinical observations","volume":"95","author":"van Loon FHJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Loon FHJ, Puijn LAPM, Houterman S, et al. Development of the A-DIVA scale: a clinical predictive scale to identify difficult intravenous access in adult patients based on clinical observations. Medicine 2016; 95: e3428.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2309\/j.java.2019.003.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","article-title":"Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel","volume":"2017","author":"Reddy VK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reddy VK, Lavoie M-C, Verbeek JH, et al. Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2017: CD009740.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211034023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Bloodborne pathogens and needlestick prevention https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/bloodborne-pathogens\/ (accessed May 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2012-0089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757177415624752"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298221099838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-48576-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0b013e31824237ce"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2309\/j.java.2019.003.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02868-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.java.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104577"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.java.2014.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2018.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129804-200701000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00220124-20111101-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","article-title":"Medical student comfort with procedural skills performance based on elective experience and career interest","volume":"12","author":"Huo B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huo B, MacNevin W, Smyth M, et al. Medical student comfort with procedural skills performance based on elective experience and career interest. Cureus 2020; 12: e12374.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1357-6283.210516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2021.30.14.S34"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2005.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"The infusion nurse and patient complication rates of peripheral-short catheters. A prospective evaluation","volume":"24","author":"Palefski SS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Palefski SS, Stoddard GJ. The infusion nurse and patient complication rates of peripheral-short catheters. A prospective evaluation. J Intraven Nurs 2001; 24: 113\u2013123.","journal-title":"J Intraven Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129804-200611000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","unstructured":"Buchan J Catton H Shaffer F. Sustain and retain in 2022 and beyond https:\/\/www.icn.ch\/resources\/publications-and-reports\/sustain-and-retain-2022-and-beyond (2022 accessed 19 February 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2021.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-015-0113-7"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Vascular Access"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11297298261451300","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11297298261451300","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11297298261451300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T20:46:51Z","timestamp":1788814011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11297298261451300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11297298261451300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298261451300","relation":{},"ISSN":["1129-7298","1724-6032"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1129-7298","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6032","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]}}}