{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:33:03Z","timestamp":1793863983862,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024253","name":"Western Australian Future Health and Innovation Fund, Government of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["InnovSeedFund2023\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["InnovSeedFund2023\/24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024253","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vasc Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) failure prior to therapy completion is a major issue. Technology to identify more suitable veins for cannulation is essential to improve successful insertion and reduce post-insertion complications and avoidable costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The experimental study was designed to compare vessel selection for cannulation when using a novel ultrasound-based vein visualization prototype versus traditional landmark technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three clinicians competent in cannulation (CCC) used landmark technique to select and mark a vein indicated for short peripheral catheter (SPC) placement on each arm of the 12 patients recruited (24 arms). This process was repeated using the vein visualization prototype. A blinded Vascular Access Specialist (VAS) evaluated each marked site using ultrasound (GE Logiq S7). Vessel cannulation suitability was rated on a 5-point Likert (\u2a7e3 considered suitable). Ethics approval was obtained (SMHS HREC RGS0000006930).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Landmark-selected veins were deemed suitable less often (52.2% vs 78.3%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.08) than prototype-selected veins and had lower average suitability scores (2.57 vs 3.22;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Landmark technique selected veins from various sites: hand (4.3%), wrist (17.4%), mid-forearm (73.9%), and antecubital fossa (4.3%), whereas the prototype predominantly selected mid-forearm veins (95.7%). Landmark-selected veins were significantly shallower (1.83\u2009mm vs 2.61\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) than prototype-selected veins, however the diameter of these veins were not significantly different between the two techniques (2.20\u2009mm vs 2.72\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05). Both techniques detected veins with 95.8% sensitivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prototype outperformed the landmark technique by visualizing non-palpable, non-visible vessels. The veins identified were larger and optimally located in the mid-forearm, both attributes linked to fewer complications and improved first-time insertion success. Future prototype refinement will include ergonomic improvements and clinical data to enhance performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298261469954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:28:05Z","timestamp":1785475685000},"page":"2671-2678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel ultrasound-based vein visualization technology can better detect optimal peripheral veins when compared to landmark"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4731-4994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D","family":"Liddelow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VeinTech Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"School of Physics, Mathematics, and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0668-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellaby L","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VeinTech Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1414-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin M","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate C","family":"Molan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VeinTech Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0884-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phuoc Hao","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VeinTech Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4923-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry J","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1500-2741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhilesh","family":"Bappoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VeinTech Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4935-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research Group, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01728-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vascular access specialist teams for device insertion and prevention of failure","volume":"2019","author":"Carr PJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carr PJ, Higgins NS, Cooke ML, et al. 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