{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:13:48Z","timestamp":1790882028754,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vasc Access"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In neonatal intensive care, infusion pumps display programmed flow rather than directly confirming drug delivery at the patient-end. At the low infusion rates used in neonatal practice, studies have shown that factors such as compliance, hydrostatic pressure, start-up delay, and partial occlusion can influence actual drug delivery. Although these phenomena are well described, continuous bedside confirmation of patient-end flow isn\u2019t available in routine practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This editorial discusses the clinical implications of this hidden gap and explores the potential role of real-time flow monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main message:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We review the mechanisms contributing to flow variability, discuss why conventional pumps cannot verify patient-end drug delivery, and propose a phased pathway for evaluating emerging flow-monitoring technologies. We emphasize that current evidence is based on engineering and early translational studies and that clinical benefit remains to be demonstrated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improving visibility of patient-end drug delivery may represent future directions for neonatal infusion safety and warrants clinical evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298261488209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:43:16Z","timestamp":1790746996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From assumption to assurance: Real-time flow monitoring in neonatal infusions"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9359-0895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus F P T","family":"van Rens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Radboudumc Amalia Children\u2019s Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8015-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4487-2962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"van der Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Radboudumc Amalia Children\u2019s Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6581-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Piersigilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Louvain University, Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Eijk AC van Rens RM Dankelman J et al. 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