{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T02:01:05Z","timestamp":1785031265075,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Research Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University","award":["2020ynlc010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ynlc010"]}]},{"name":"Medicine Leading Talents Program of Yunnan Province","award":["L-2019013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L-2019013"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Revitalizing support Program for Top-notch Medicine Talents","award":["YNWR-MY-2018-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-MY-2018-028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease, and the effects of p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and p-cresyl glucuronide (PCG) in PBC remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory effects of PCS and PCG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEpiCs) were treated with PCS or PCG, and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Female C57BL\/6 mice received intraperitoneal PCS or PCG. Liver inflammation was evaluated by H&amp;E staining, apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) by Western blotting, and serum TGF-\u03b2 and IFN-\u03b3 by ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PCS and PCG increased apoptosis in HIBEpiCs.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , PCS and PCG treated mice displayed portal lymphocytic infiltration and elevated serum IFN-\u03b3 and TGF-\u03b2. Hepatic caspase-3 and Bax were upregulated, whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated in a time-dependent manner.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCS and PCG promote intrahepatic inflammation and BEC apoptosis, suggesting that gut microbial metabolites may contribute to hepatobiliary immune injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11769351261472440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:34:56Z","timestamp":1784727296000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Clostridium<\/i>\n                    -Derived p-Cresyl Metabolites Induce Inflammation and Apoptosis in Biliary Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5995-9011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yina","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongfang","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Provincial"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingmei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2022.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2022.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000179"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0226-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003174"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0433-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.01.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2396-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13509"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2024.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158343"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12526"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233782"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24661"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04840-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14566"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12081239"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108238"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2022.2073175"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.034"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","first-page":"776","article-title":"Gut Microbiota: Implications in Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Target in Primary Biliary Cholangitis","volume":"13","author":"Nie Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nie Y, Shi Y, Yang Y. 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