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Preventive therapies remain limited; however, recent advances in the use of scalp cooling technologies have proved successful in preventing or reducing hair loss in some patients. Further improvements in scalp cooling efficacy and\/or development of novel treatments to prevent chemotherapy-induced hair loss are required. To achieve this, post-chemotherapy assessment of hair follicle damage markers, with and without scalp cooling, would provide invaluable mechanistic and prognostic information. At present, the availability of such data is extremely limited. This article describes the potential utility of a combination of biomarkers in assessing drug-induced alopecia and the protective potential of existing or new treatments. 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