{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:58:01Z","timestamp":1783727881718,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomark\ufffdInsights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current approaches for pathogen identification in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remain suboptimal, leaving most patients without a microbiological diagnosis. If better diagnostic tools were available for differentiating between viral and bacterial CAP, unnecessary antibacterial therapy could be avoided in viral CAP patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 156 adults hospitalized with CAP classified to have bacterial, viral, or mixed viral-bacterial infection based on microbiological testing or both microbiological testing and procalcitonin (PCT) levels, we aimed to identify discriminatory host transcriptional signatures in peripheral blood samples acquired at hospital admission, by applying Dual-color-Reverse-Transcriptase-Multiplex-Ligation-dependent-Probe-Amplification (dc-RT MLPA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients classified by microbiological testing, a 9-transcript signature showed high accuracy for discriminating bacterial from viral CAP (AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.96), while a 10-transcript signature similarly discriminated mixed viral-bacterial from viral CAP (AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96). In patients classified by both microbiological testing and PCT levels, a 13-transcript signature showed excellent accuracy for discriminating bacterial from viral CAP (AUC 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00), while a 7-transcript signature similarly discriminated mixed viral-bacterial from viral CAP (AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.98).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support host transcriptional signatures in peripheral blood samples as a potential tool for guiding clinical decision-making and antibiotic stewardship in CAP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11772719221099130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T09:05:01Z","timestamp":1654506301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Host Transcriptional Signatures Predict Etiology in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Potential Antibiotic Stewardship Tools"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8068-4101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William W","family":"Siljan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1688-8182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhanasekaran","family":"Sivakumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Synne","family":"Jenum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom HM","family":"Ottenhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elling","family":"Ulvestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical 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Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harleen MS","family":"Grewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 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