{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:31:31Z","timestamp":1777465891395,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomark&amp;#65533;Insights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) regulates substance exchange between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated sex-related differences in the CSF\/blood quotient of albumin (QAlb), a BCSFB function biomarker, in older patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for hip fracture (HF) surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-eight patients aged \u2a7e65\u2009years (18 males, 60 females) undergoing HF repair were enrolled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline variables, including age, sex, diagnosis of dementia, were collected. The BCSFB function was assessed using the CSF\/blood quotient of albumin (QAlb).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dementia prevalence was similar in men (22.2%) and women (17.6%), as was postoperative delirium (POD) (men 27.8%, women 33.3%). Despite similar demographics, men exhibited significantly higher CSF albumin concentrations (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.031) and QAlb values (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.023) compared to women. No differences were found in QAlb value between patients with or without dementia in male (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.645) and female (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.102) subgroups. Moreover, no differences in QAlb value emerged between those with or without POD in males (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.173) and females (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.225).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite sample size and sex imbalance, our analyses highlight a sex-related discrepancy in BCSFB function in older patients underscoring the need for sex-specific QAlb reference ranges. Normalization of QAlb values by sex may be essential to prevent over- or underestimation of BCSFB dysfunction in the 2 sexes. Future studies with larger, balanced cohorts may clarify these differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11772719251385928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T09:37:38Z","timestamp":1762421858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring Sex-Related Difference in Cerebrospinal Fluid\/Blood Quotient of Albumin in Older Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery: Insight From the ORTODEL and BIODEL Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6555-6075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Castellazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria 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