{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:09:18Z","timestamp":1791256158799,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioinform Biol Insights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Avian coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria protozoa, presents a significant threat to poultry, with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Eimeria tenella<\/jats:italic>\n                    being particularly harmful due to its impact on the chicken cecum. Growing resistance to current treatments necessitates alternative therapeutic approaches. Consequently, this study employed an immunoinformatics approach to design a multiepitope vaccine targeting\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E tenella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Key proteins, including the sporulated oocyst TA4 antigen, alkylglycerone-phosphate synthase, and apical membrane antigen-1, were analysed for epitope prediction. Further comprehensive downstream analysis identified 13 MHC class I, 6 MHC class II, and 7 B-cell epitopes, which were linked with suitable linkers. Also, cholera toxin subunit B was incorporated as an adjuvant, creating a 531-amino-acid construct. The vaccine demonstrated favourable predicted antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and stability properties. Molecular docking predicted interaction with toll-like receptor 15, while immune response simulation showed potential induction of various immunocytes, including helper and cytotoxic T-cells, natural killer cells, and immunoglobulins. The vaccine was predicted to promote antigen clearance after the second dose, suggesting strong memory response potential. These findings indicate the designed vaccine could stimulate a potent protective immune response against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E tenella<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. However, further in vitro and in vivo validation studies are necessary to confirm the vaccine\u2019s efficacy before clinical application in poultry immunization programmes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/11779322251348307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T09:11:58Z","timestamp":1750065118000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immunoinformatics-Aided Design of a Multiepitope Vaccine Against\n                    <i>Eimeria Tenella<\/i>\n                    -Associated Chicken Coccidiosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9895-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeyinka I","family":"Fadahunsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adewale J","family":"Atansuyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abayomi I","family":"Adebayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford A","family":"Chineke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-018-1048-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Coccidiosis: recent advancements in the immunobiology of Eimeria species, preventive measures, and the importance of vaccination as a control tool against these apicomplexan parasites","volume":"5","author":"Shivaramaiah C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shivaramaiah C, Barta JR, Hernandez-Velasco X, T\u00e9llez G, Hargis BM. Coccidiosis: recent advancements in the immunobiology of Eimeria species, preventive measures, and the importance of vaccination as a control tool against these apicomplexan parasites. Vet Med (Auckl). 2014;5:23-34.","journal-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13061295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04229-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-017-0423-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00063-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","article-title":"Identification and characterization of Eimeria tenella apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1)","volume":"7","author":"Jiang L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jiang L, Lin J, Han H, et al. 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