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This study utilised metagenomics to investigate the bacterial community\u2019s response in polluted soil undergoing field-scale biopile treatment, with chicken droppings as a nutrient source. Hydrocarbon concentrations were monitored over a 90-day remediation period using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry technique. Molecular and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to track the dynamics of bacterial species, their abundance and functional roles during the bioremediation process. The initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 446\u2009945 ppm was first reduced to 80\u2009332 ppm through dilution. Following a 90-day bioremediation process using poultry waste, the level further decreased to 5326 ppm, representing a 93.37% reduction. In the metagenomic analysis, a total of 26\u2009736 reads were obtained, averaging 6684 counts per sample. In addition, the study identified diverse bacterial metagenomes, including well-established hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla, and species previously not reported as hydrocarbon-degrading. Biomarkers associated with hydrocarbon metabolisms, such as aromatic dioxygenases, alkane-1-monooxygenase and methanol oxidation pathways, were identified. A significant decrease in the relative abundance of bacterial genera in heavily polluted soil was observed, alongside an increased presence of\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Paraburkholderia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Fontibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genera. These findings indicate that chicken droppings contribute 0.30% to the reduction of TPH in the biopiling remediation technique used for treating heavily contaminated soil. A comparative assessment of hydrocarbon attenuation in nutrient-amended vs unamended soils indicates that a 3-month remediation timeframe is insufficient to achieve optimal bioremediation outcomes. However, the TPH reduction in unamended treatment highlights the intrinsic natural attenuation capacity of the impacted soil matrix, attributable to indigenous microbial consortia and prevailing environmental conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/11779322251371117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T09:00:19Z","timestamp":1757667619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Metagenomic Insights Into Biopile Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Using Chicken Droppings in Rivers State, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3017-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel O","family":"Fenibo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agency for Food and Drug Administration, Yaba, Nigeria"},{"name":"World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Oilfield Chemical Research, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosina","family":"Nkuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonderayi","family":"Matambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Competence in Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2023.1137496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preslo L Miller M Suyama W McLearn M Kostecki P Fleischer E. 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