{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T07:26:12Z","timestamp":1787210772257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science & Technology Fellowship Trust, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioinform Biol Insights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Bt) is a well-known entomopathogenic bacterium widely used in biopesticide formulations due to its diverse arsenal of insecticidal toxins and environmental adaptability. However, the genetic diversity and virulence potential of native Bt strains from South Asia remain underexplored. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain JSd1, isolated from Bangladeshi soil. The high-quality draft genome, assembled at 75x coverage, comprises 5.39 Mb in 64 contigs with a GC content of 35.28% and 99.26% completeness. Genome annotation revealed 5,833 genes, including 5,756 protein-coding sequences and numerous non-coding RNAs. It also harbors 4 different plasmids. Importantly, we identified 25 genomic islands harboring mobile elements and hypothetical proteins, highlighting the strain\u2019s dynamic genome evolution. The genome encodes a diverse array of virulence factors linked to insecticidal activity. Notable genes include\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cry22A<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vip3A<\/jats:italic>\n                    homologs, multiple\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bmp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -like metalloproteases,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">enhancin<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cytK<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">chiA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as well as various chitinases and serine proteases. The co-occurrence of chromosomal and plasmid-encoded virulence factors suggests modular acquisition mechanisms. Secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters, such as those for petrobactin, bacillibactin, thuricin CD, and other novel RiPPs and NRPs, were detected, supporting the strain\u2019s potential in biological control. Phylogenetic analysis positioned JSd1 within the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensu lato group, forming a highly supported clade with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar konkukian and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Comparative genomic and pan-genome analyses revealed substantial genomic diversity among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. The strain\u2019s genome contains 2,237 core genes and a large accessory genome, reflecting its ecological adaptability. Our findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    JSd1 is a promising candidate for development as a biopesticide targeting insect pests in Bangladeshi agriculture. The comprehensive genomic insights lay the groundwork for further functional validation and field applications, contributing to sustainable pest management strategies in the region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/11779322261475762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:43:48Z","timestamp":1786967028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic Insights Into\n                    <i>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/i>\n                    Strain JSd1 From Bangladesh: A Whole Genome Sequencing Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Abdul","family":"Bari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dhaka"},{"name":"Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9542-1095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipta Chandra","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dhaka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Al Muid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dhaka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-8672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahfuza","family":"Momen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahfuza","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Manjurul","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dhaka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Mozammel","family":"Hoq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dhaka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakila Nargis","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dhaka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6123296"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.3.775-806.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","volume-title":"International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications","author":"James C","year":"2010","unstructured":"James C. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech\/GM Crops. In: International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications. 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