{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:57:09Z","timestamp":1793717829378,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Subst\ufffdAbuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a primary health concern among people who use drugs (PWUDs). Homeless PWUDs that constitute a key population for HCV transmission remain underrepresented in many surveys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a proactive street outreach to evaluate HCV infection prevalence among homeless PWUDs in Tel Aviv, identify risk factors associated with HCV infection, awareness of disease status and linkage to care rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-eight percent of approached PWUD were willing to participate in the study. Out of 53 subjects who got tested for anti HCV by rapid test, 29 (54.72%) had a positive result, 20 of 29 anti-HCV positive (69%) patients had positive HCV PCR. Risk factors were investigated using structured questionnaires. Heroin use was reported significantly more frequently in the HCV-positive group ( P\u2009=\u2009 .05, CI 95%), whereas other established risk factors did not reach significance in our cohort. While 21 of 29 (72%) HCV-positive participants were aware of their condition, only 4 of 21 (19%) received treatment in the past, and 2 of 4 (50%) failed to achieve treatment goals, as assessed by HCV PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data indicate a high prevalence of HCV infection among homeless PWUDs. Importantly, despite relatively high awareness of HCV status in this population, we found strikingly low access to care. These findings motivate novel interventional approaches targeted at improving patient access, and compliance among homeless PWUDs, in an effort to reduce HCV transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11782218221095871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T01:23:15Z","timestamp":1653614595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence, Medical Status Awareness and Treatment Engagement among Homeless People Who use Drugs: Results of a Street Outreach Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rinat","family":"Lasmanovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Or","family":"Shaked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayelet","family":"Sivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idan","family":"Barak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel AIDS task force, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mor","family":"Nahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orna","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8490-1735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Katchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11782218221095871","first-page":"775","volume":"10","author":"Loebstein R","year":"2008","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"bibr2-11782218221095871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00208.x"},{"key":"bibr3-11782218221095871","volume-title":"Global Hepatitis Report 2017: WHO Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection by WHO Region","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr4-11782218221095871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/c595e10f-en","volume-title":"World Drug Report 2017","author":"United Nation Office on Drugs &amp; 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