{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:18:04Z","timestamp":1780586284934,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Subst\ufffdAbuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) face high rates of unemployment, putting them at higher risk of treatment nonadherence and poor outcomes, including overdose death. The objective of this study was to investigate sleep quality and its association with other biopsychosocial risk factors for unemployment in patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) for OUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a cross-sectional survey design, participants from 3 OAT programs for OUD completed questionnaires to measure sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]); pain disability; catastrophic thinking; injustice experience; quality of life; and self-assessed disability. Spearman\u2019s rank correlation was used to test for associations between sleep quality and other study variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-eight participants completed the study, with mean age 45.6\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9\u2009years,\u202f27 (71.1%) males, and\u202f16 (42.1%) reporting a high school diploma\/equivalent certification as the highest level of academic attainment. Poor sleep quality (defined as PSQI\u2009&gt;\u20095) was identified in 29 participants (76.3%) and was positively correlated with pain disability (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.657,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01), self-assessed disability (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.640,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), symptom catastrophizing (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.499,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and injustice experience (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.642,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and negatively correlated with quality of life (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.623,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a high prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients with OUD on OAT and this was associated with multiple known risk factors for unemployment. These findings warrant the consideration of regular screening for sleep problems and the inclusion of sleep-related interventions to improve sleep quality, decrease the unemployment rate, and enhance the recovery process for individuals with OUD undergoing OAT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11782218221098418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T08:40:10Z","timestamp":1653122410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Poor Sleep Quality and Other Risk Factors for Unemployment Among Patients on Opioid Agonist Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2237-7189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margo","family":"Huffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Cloeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3269-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orrin D","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi J","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2558-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron D","family":"Greenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Family &amp; Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Mosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Imboden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Bazell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6244-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Diaz-Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 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