{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:23:40Z","timestamp":1787243020847,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breast Cancer\ufffd(Auckl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and the second overall, following lung cancer. Breast cancer can occur at any age, with an increased incidence in women 40\u2009years and above. Worldwide the incidence is around 1 million cases per year, 60% of the cases reported from low- and middle-income countries. The current study was conducted to determine knowledge, attitude, and practices related to breast cancer, the associated risk factors, and screening methods in women presenting to a health care facility from resource-poor settings in Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study design was used, and participants were recruited phase-wise from three major outpatient departments (OPDs) (Gynecology and Obstetrics OPD, Medical OPD, and Surgical OPD). Data were collected through the validated \u201cBreast Cancer Awareness Measure\u201d developed by Cancer Research UK, King\u2019s College London, and University College London in 2009. Data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 23.0. Students\u2019s T-Test, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 430 women were invited for participation in the study from the 3 main OPDs, and 400 took part in the study (response rate\u2009=\u200993.02%). The mean age of the women was 33.62\u2009years \u00b1 12.3\u2009years, and the mean years of formal education were 5.05 \u00b1 6.3\u2009years. Less than a quarter of the participants were aware of the breast cancer warning signs, and 23.3% recognized the pain in the armpit or one of the breasts as a sign of breast cancer. The proportion of women aware of age-related and lifetime risk of getting breast cancer was 15.0%. Furthermore, only 2.5% performed breast self-examination at least once a month. Women identified many barriers like embarrassment, transport, and confidentiality issues in seeking medical help.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, women had poor knowledge of breast cancer, related warning signs, breast self-examination, risk factors, and screening methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11782234211025346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:51:54Z","timestamp":1624409514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Breast Cancer Awareness and Associated Factors Amongst Women in Peshawar, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zia","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing Sciences (INS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0484-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Naseem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences (IPH&SS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zia Ud","family":"Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Afaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences (IPH&SS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 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