{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:47:24Z","timestamp":1783644444620,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ\ufffdHealth\ufffdInsights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR) have been a public health challenge globally. The burden is even higher in low-income countries where there is a lack of appropriate healthcare systems, and inappropriate antibiotic disposal practices and utilization. Due to poor solid waste disposal practices in developing nations, municipal solid waste dumpsite (MSWDS) can be a reservoir for ABR bacteria. However, only a few studies demonstrated the prevalence of ABR in non-clinical environments such as MSWDS. This study assessed the prevalence of ABR bacteria at Bahir Dar City MSWDS, to understand the public health risks related to poor solid waste disposal systems. Nine soil samples were collected from the dumpsite. Bacteria were isolated, identified and tested for ABR. Seventy-one distinct colonies were isolated from all samples and identified into 10 bacterial genera based on morphological features and biochemical tests. For ABR tests, gentamicin (GN, 10\u2009\u03bcg), streptomycin (ST, 30\u2009\u03bcg), tetracycline (TE, 30\u2009\u03bcg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5\u2009\u03bcg), nalidixic acid (NAA, 30\u2009\u03bcg), sulfonamide (SA, 250\u2009\u03bcg), chloramphenicol (C, 30\u2009\u03bcg), erythromycin (E, 15\u2009\u03bcg), vancomycin (V, 30\u2009\u03bcg), and amoxicillin (AMX, 25\u2009\u03bcg) were used. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus (23%) followed by Escherichia species (17%). Ten isolates related to Bacillus spp. were excluded from the antibiotic sensitivity test as there is no standard regarding this genus in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The overall antibiotic r\u00e9sistance rate was 95.08%, and most isolates were found to be resistant to amoxicillin (100%), nalidixic acid (75.5%), and vancomycin (75%). Substantial proportions of the isolates were also resistant to tetracycline (55.35%), streptomycin (54.5%), and sulfonamide (50%). The overall multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 36.06%. This high level of ABR calls for urgent intervention in waste management systems and regular surveillance programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302241260508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T02:24:11Z","timestamp":1717986251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria Isolated From Bahir Dar City Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite, North West Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Baye","family":"Sitotaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fikremariam","family":"Ayalew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6155-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abayeneh","family":"Girma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Mekdela Amba University, Tuluawlia, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kindu","family":"Geta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beselam","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio and Emerging Technology Institute (BETin), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alemayehu Godana","family":"Birhanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22010029"},{"key":"bibr2-11786302241260508","unstructured":"WHO: antibiotic resistance. Accessed December 14, 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance"},{"key":"bibr3-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"bibr4-11786302241260508","unstructured":"Swagel P. Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Non-Partisan US Congressional Budge Office CB; 2021:30."},{"key":"bibr5-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-015-0468-0"},{"key":"bibr6-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-00965-0"},{"key":"bibr7-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02688.x"},{"key":"bibr8-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2020.103410"},{"key":"bibr9-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux053"},{"key":"bibr10-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa008"},{"key":"bibr11-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.743-749"},{"key":"bibr12-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S428103"},{"key":"bibr13-11786302241260508","first-page":"3949","volume":"52","author":"Pepper IL","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antibiotic resistant bacteria in municipal wastes: is there reason for concern? Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"bibr14-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040374"},{"key":"bibr15-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51847\/qDfN29z7ps"},{"key":"bibr16-11786302241260508","volume":"31","author":"Song L","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Environ Sci Heal"},{"key":"bibr17-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.164"},{"key":"bibr18-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46248-6_9"},{"key":"bibr19-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125207"},{"key":"bibr20-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.129182"},{"key":"bibr21-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30268-2"},{"key":"bibr22-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0208-x"},{"key":"bibr23-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6934507"},{"key":"bibr24-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-215"},{"key":"bibr25-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.002"},{"key":"bibr26-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2003.00739.x"},{"key":"bibr27-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es506081z"},{"key":"bibr28-11786302241260508","first-page":"59","volume":"92","author":"Kruse H.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand Suppl"},{"key":"bibr29-11786302241260508","first-page":"151","volume":"28","author":"Achudume AC","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Environ Biol"},{"key":"bibr30-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/aim.2019.95029"},{"key":"bibr31-11786302241260508","first-page":"30","volume":"13","author":"Nyandjou Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"bibr32-11786302241260508","author":"Mwaikono KS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance phenotype of enteric bacteria from a municipal dumpsite"},{"key":"bibr33-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2018.1522423"},{"key":"bibr34-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.5.789"},{"key":"bibr35-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040795"},{"key":"bibr36-11786302241260508","unstructured":"National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia. Accessed May 6, 2024. http:\/\/ethiomet.gov.et\/climates\/climate_of_city\/2648\/Bahir%20Dar"},{"key":"bibr37-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2475-7675.1000152"},{"key":"bibr38-11786302241260508","volume-title":"Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. Global edition","author":"Cappuccino JG","year":"2018","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr39-11786302241260508","volume-title":"Bergey\u2019s Manual\u00ae of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: the Proteobacteria, Part B: the Gammaproteobacteria","volume":"2","author":"Garrity G","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr40-11786302241260508","volume-title":"The Firmicutes. Bergey\u2019s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology","author":"De Vos P","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr41-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"bibr42-11786302241260508","first-page":"135","volume":"3","author":"Biemer JJ.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"bibr43-11786302241260508","volume-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2020 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"Wayne P","year":"2020","edition":"30"},{"key":"bibr44-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"bibr45-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jms.jms_25_17"},{"key":"bibr46-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0332"},{"key":"bibr47-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0758-8"},{"key":"bibr48-11786302241260508","first-page":"115","volume":"12","author":"Oviasogie F","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Biomed Res"},{"key":"bibr49-11786302241260508","volume":"11","author":"Zothanpuia, Zomuansangi R","year":"2021","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"bibr50-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21360"},{"key":"bibr51-11786302241260508","first-page":"78","volume":"6","author":"Obire O","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Sci Environ Manag"},{"key":"bibr52-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-018-0210-9"},{"key":"bibr53-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13010093"},{"key":"bibr54-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10081007"},{"key":"bibr55-11786302241260508","first-page":"423","volume":"33","author":"Asamenew T","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"bibr56-11786302241260508","first-page":"872","volume":"38","author":"Zhang G","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"key":"bibr57-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013"},{"key":"bibr58-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.430-438.2002"},{"key":"bibr59-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3887-3"},{"key":"bibr60-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199651060-00010"},{"key":"bibr61-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2489063"},{"key":"bibr62-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0243-7"},{"key":"bibr63-11786302241260508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4536905"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Insights"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11786302241260508","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/11786302241260508","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/11786302241260508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:23:20Z","timestamp":1777404200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/11786302241260508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/11786302241260508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11786302241260508","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-6302","1178-6302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-6302","type":"print"},{"value":"1178-6302","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"11786302241260508"}}