{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:15:52Z","timestamp":1789622152456,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ\ufffdHealth\ufffdInsights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    During anatomy dissection, the release of formaldehyde (FA) from cadavers and embalming fluids can negatively affect the well-being of students and staff. The exposure of students, staff, and technicians to FA in the dissection hall is a concern. To address this issue, a study measured the FA and air quality (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Total Volatile Organic Compounds- TVOC) with different ventilation setups: natural, fan-based, and air-conditioned. The FA levels and the indoor air quality at the breathing zone were estimated using an air conditioning (AC), fan-based, and naturally ventilated setup. The FA, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and TVOC levels were calculated at the cadavers\u2019 head and toe ends, in the pathway, and between the dissection tables. The FA, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and TVOC levels were higher near the cadaver and lower in the pathway and between the tables, regardless of the type of ventilation used. Fan-based ventilation had the lowest mean FA, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and TVOC levels compared to AC and natural ventilation. However, there was no significant difference in these levels between the ventilation types, except for the toe-ends of the cadavers ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), where the toe-end farther from the AC vents had higher levels. The study suggests that areas away from the source of ventilation in the anatomy dissection hall are at risk of having lower air quality. Therefore, in addition to selecting an appropriate ventilation system, placing the donor bodies near the source of ventilation would help optimize FA levels and improve indoor air quality for better working conditions suitable for students and staff.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302241301590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T07:52:19Z","timestamp":1732607539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Formaldehyde Levels and the Indoor Air Quality of an Anatomy Dissection Hall with Different Ventilation Setups"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Handady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9470-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Dsouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanishri","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11786302241301590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-015-0299-5"},{"key":"bibr2-11786302241301590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12160"},{"key":"bibr3-11786302241301590","first-page":"31","volume":"56","author":"Musia\u0142 A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Folia Med Cracov"},{"key":"bibr4-11786302241301590","unstructured":"Formaldehyde - Hazard Recognition and Occupational Safety and Health Administration [Internet]. Accessed January 24, 2023. https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/formaldehyde\/hazards"},{"key":"bibr5-11786302241301590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.19.105"},{"key":"bibr6-11786302241301590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134307"},{"key":"bibr7-11786302241301590","author":"Lakchayapakorn K","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"bibr8-11786302241301590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22291"},{"key":"bibr9-11786302241301590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-024-02004-4"},{"key":"bibr10-11786302241301590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111198"},{"key":"bibr11-11786302241301590","unstructured":"Current intelligence bulletin 34 - formaldehyde: evidence of carcinogenicity (with reference package). 28 September 2020. Accessed April 17, 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/81-111\/default.html"},{"key":"bibr12-11786302241301590","unstructured":"Tupper C, Garg R. OSHA Formaldehyde Safety. StatPearls. [Internet] Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2024. Accessed April 17, 2024. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK580491\/"},{"key":"bibr13-11786302241301590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-21995-0"},{"key":"bibr14-11786302241301590","unstructured":"The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals: An opportunity for Latin America and the Caribbean. Goals, Targets and Global Indicators. 7 January 2019. Accessed April 17, 2024. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11362\/40156"},{"key":"bibr15-11786302241301590","unstructured":"Minimum Requirements for Annual M.B.B.S Admissions Regulation, 2020 and NMC [Internet]. 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