{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:36:07Z","timestamp":1784770567632,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ\ufffdHealth\ufffdInsights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the carriage of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) genes in fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      recovered from wastewater generated by healthcare institutions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Isolation of fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was done on medium supplemented with 1 \u00b5g\/mL of ciprofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone). Presumptive isolates were identified via the detection of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">uidA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. Susceptibility of the isolates to a panel of antibiotics was done using disc diffusion method. Detection of PMQR genes in the isolates was done using primer-specific PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      were obtained from the wastewater over a period of 6 months. The resistance to each of the antibiotic tested was: ampicillin (100%), ceftriaxone (100%), nalidixic acid (100%), tetracycline (96.7%), cefotaxime (96.7%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (80%), gentamicin (60%), cefoxitin (30%), and imipenem (3.3%). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) ranged from 0.6 to 0.9. The detection of PMQR genes in the 30 isolates was:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (76.7%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrB<\/jats:italic>\n                      (53.3%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n                      (63.3%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6\u2032)-lb-cr<\/jats:italic>\n                      (43.3%), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qepA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (43.3%). All the fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      carried at least one PMQR determinant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study revealed that untreated hospital wastewaters are significant hub of multidrug-resistant and fluoroquinolone-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , showing high carriage of PMQR genes, and may be a major contributor to the resistome of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in the Nigerian environment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302251342936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T01:29:27Z","timestamp":1750642167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolated From Wastewater Generated From the Hospital Environment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Omowunmi A.","family":"Banjo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2871-1002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abimbola O.","family":"Adekanmbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria"},{"name":"Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety (MBMFS), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1961-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwatimileyin J.","family":"Akinbola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin T.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusolape A. F.","family":"Ilusanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6221-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00066-16"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"1285","article-title":"The prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from hospital wastewater sources in Tehran, Iran","volume":"46","author":"Ranjbar R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ranjbar R, Farahani O. The prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from hospital wastewater sources in Tehran, Iran. 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