{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:59:50Z","timestamp":1790294390668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Use Insights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urban emergency department (ED) patients have elevated smoking and substance use compared with the general population. We analyzed gender differences in smoking among an urban ED sample and assessed the contribution of substance use, demographic, and couple factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained from a cross-sectional, observational survey (N = 1037 participants) on drinking, drug use, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Gender-specific logistic regression models for current (past 30-day) smoking and multinomial regression models for smoking intensity (light: \u2a7d5 cigarettes per day [CPD]; moderate: 6 to 10 CPD; heavier: &gt;10 CPD) were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smoking prevalence was higher among men than women (35.5% vs 18.9%; P &lt; .001). Substance use (frequency of intoxication, marijuana, amphetamine, and cocaine use), demographic (food insufficiency, unemployment), and couple-related factors (having a spouse\/partner who smoked, IPV involvement, being in a same-gender couple) were differentially associated with current smoking and level of intensity among men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emergency department staff should consider the impact of polysubstance use, food insufficiency, unemployment, and whether both partners in the couple smoke when screening patients for smoking and formulating cessation treatment plans. Women in same-gender relationships and those who have experienced IPV involvement may require additional referral.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1179173x19879136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T20:18:11Z","timestamp":1569529091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gender Differences in Smoking Among an Urban Emergency Department Sample"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3600-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol B","family":"Cunradi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliet","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrison J","family":"Alter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Andrew Levitt Center for Social Emergency Medicine, Highland Hospital, Alameda Health System, Oakland, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1179173X19879136","first-page":"1","volume":"257","author":"Schoenborn C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 10"},{"key":"bibr2-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6744a2"},{"key":"bibr3-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1995.tb03189.x"},{"key":"bibr4-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02504.x"},{"key":"bibr5-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.9.7.720"},{"key":"bibr6-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.025"},{"key":"bibr7-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.02.018"},{"key":"bibr8-1179173X19879136","volume-title":"Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation","author":"Bonnie R","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr9-1179173X19879136","first-page":"185","volume":"38","author":"Murnik M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"bibr10-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1112"},{"key":"bibr11-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2006.06.008"},{"key":"bibr12-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.454"},{"key":"bibr13-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12810"},{"key":"bibr14-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12534"},{"key":"bibr15-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00552.x"},{"key":"bibr16-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn234"},{"key":"bibr17-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.018"},{"key":"bibr18-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12381"},{"key":"bibr19-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000529"},{"key":"bibr20-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.008"},{"key":"bibr21-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13706"},{"key":"bibr22-1179173X19879136","volume-title":"Emergency Severity Index (ESI): A Triage Tool for Emergency Departments","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr23-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.05.018"},{"key":"bibr24-1179173X19879136","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. What\u2019s \u201cat-risk\u201d or \u201cheavy drinking\u201d? Rethinking Drinking: Alcohol & Your Health. https:\/\/www.rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov\/How-much-is-too-much\/Is-your-drinking-pattern-risky\/Whats-At-Risk-Or-Heavy-Drinking.aspx. Updated 2018. Accessed December 10, 2018."},{"key":"bibr25-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300323"},{"key":"bibr26-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019251396017003001"},{"key":"bibr27-1179173X19879136","volume-title":"California Tobacco Facts and Figures 2018","author":"California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr28-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.904235"},{"key":"bibr29-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5855"},{"key":"bibr30-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.28"},{"key":"bibr31-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty123."},{"key":"bibr32-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030"},{"key":"bibr33-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.05.005"},{"key":"bibr34-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.005"},{"key":"bibr35-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2016.1255791"},{"key":"bibr36-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2014.12136.x"},{"key":"bibr37-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd14.160434"},{"key":"bibr38-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.021"},{"key":"bibr39-1179173X19879136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0059"}],"container-title":["Tobacco Use Insights"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1179173X19879136","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1179173X19879136","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1179173X19879136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:34:42Z","timestamp":1777692882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1179173X19879136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1179173X19879136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1179173x19879136","relation":{},"ISSN":["1179-173X","1179-173X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1179-173X","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-173X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"article-number":"1179173X19879136"}}