{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:16:01Z","timestamp":1777936561673,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Use Insights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with consumption of smokeless tobacco (SLT) at Nikki, northern Benin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional interview study carried out from November 2023 to September 2024 among adults aged\u226518 years, after a process of two-stage random sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 688 participants were interviewed. Their mean age was 32.2 \u00b1 13.3 years with a male-female ratio of 4.5:1. The prevalence of current SLT use (defined as currently consumption or consumption in the last 12 months) was 26.9% (95% CI = 23.7-30.3) while that of daily use was 15.1% (95% CI = 12.6-18.0). Factors associated with SLT consumption were age \u226530 years (aPR = 3.7;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), male gender (aPR = 10.8;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), not attending school (aPR = 4.1;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.035), alcohol consumption (aPR = 4.0;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), lack of awareness of the harm caused by SLT (aPR = 2.2;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), a impression of SLT being less harmful compared with smoking tobacco (aPR = 5.2;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), peer pressure and influence (aPR = 2.9;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and exposure to marketing (aPR = 3.5;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The possible association of SLT with harmful health risks was known by 399 (58%) participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of SLT use was high among adults in Nikki, northern Benin. Raising awareness and regulating the sale of SLT products would help to mitigate this scourge; and further qualitative research are needed to determine the socio-cultural determinants of SLT consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1179173x251377631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T08:24:53Z","timestamp":1757492693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Burden and Factors Associated With Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults in Nikki, Benin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4242-6442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Efio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Army Training and Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin"},{"name":"Hospital Medicine Office, Central Directorate of the Army Health Service, Cotonou, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6504-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"ADE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Borgou Regional and Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isma\u00ebl A.","family":"Babio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Training School for Higher Technicians in Public Health and Epidemiological Surveillance, University of Parakou, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rom\u00e9o M.","family":"Togan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Medicine Office, Central Directorate of the Army Health Service, Cotonou, Benin"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lom\u00e9, Togo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Harries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, UK"},{"name":"Department of Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","volume-title":"Tobacco Fact Sheet","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Tobacco Fact Sheet. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/campaigns-and-initiatives\/world-no-tobacco-day-2020\/wntd-tobacco-fact-sheet.pdf (Accessed March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(23)00205-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.84.3.399"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","first-page":"382","article-title":"Smokeless tobacco use in adult Nigerian population","volume":"13","author":"Desalu OO","year":"2010","unstructured":"Desalu OO, Iseh KR, Olokoba AB, Salawu FK, Danburam A. Smokeless tobacco use in adult Nigerian population. Niger J Clin Pract. 2010;13(4):382-387.","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053302"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2020_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70173-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)01169-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty074"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-36"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31102"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14879-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","volume-title":"Rapport de l\u2019enqu\u00eate sur la pr\u00e9valence des facteurs de risque des MNT au B\u00e9nin \u2013 STEPS 2015","author":"Houinato DS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Houinato DS, Djrolo F, Hou\u00e9hanou YC, et al. Rapport de l\u2019enqu\u00eate sur la pr\u00e9valence des facteurs de risque des MNT au B\u00e9nin \u2013 STEPS 2015. Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 du B\u00e9nin; 2016. https:\/\/portal-uat.who.int\/fctcapps\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-04\/benin_2018_annex-1_STEPs_2015.pdf (Accessed march 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","unstructured":"Institut National de la Statistique et de l'Analyse Economique. RGPH4 : Que retenir des effectifs de populationen 2013. https:\/\/instad.bj\/images\/docs\/insae-statistiques\/demographiques\/population\/Resultats_definitifs_RGPH4.pdf (Accessed March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","volume-title":"Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS): Core Questionnaire with Optional Questions","author":"Global Adult Tobacco Survey Collaborative Group","year":"2020","unstructured":"Global Adult Tobacco Survey Collaborative Group. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS): Core Questionnaire with Optional Questions. 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