{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:16:07Z","timestamp":1777936567827,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Use Insights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>California\u2019s Central Valley has high rates of tobacco product use and low rates of access to healthcare providers, making it difficult for residents to acquire effective tobacco cessation treatment. To address this disparity, California pharmacists can act as healthcare providers, with the ability to provide counseling and independently prescribe nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) medications through a process known as \u201cfurnishing\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All corporate and independent pharmacies in the Central Valley who serve the general community were contacted (n = 586) to ask whether pharmacists furnished NRT. The authors visited pharmacy locations (n = 23) that indicated they furnished NRT to request participation in a survey and interview. The authors analyzed if pharmacies furnished NRT, the characteristics of those that furnished, the creation of implementation of protocols, barriers, and facilitators, and how services were fostered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In interviews, pharmacists expressed generally positive attitudes toward furnishing, but were concerned about barriers, including concerns about feasibility and affordability, lack of administrative support, and perceived limited demand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the region\u2019s high tobacco usage rates, few pharmacies (n = 5; 0.88%) furnished NRT. To increase furnishing rates, corporate policy changes, recognition of pharmacists as providers by insurance companies, and support from the California Board of Pharmacy are likely needed. Increasing advertising, building rapport, and knowing patients\u2019 tobacco history may increase NRT utilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1179173x251387417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T23:50:01Z","timestamp":1760745001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Observational Study of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Availability Through Pharmacist Prescribing in the California Central Valley"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0303-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deanna M.","family":"Halliday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7168-8349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Merced"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4434-3983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanner","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1373-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Durazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Merced"},{"name":"University of California Merced"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9104-701X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darrin","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Merced"},{"name":"University of California, Merced"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1874-3326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna V.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Merced"},{"name":"University of California, Merced"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4694-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorie E.","family":"Apollonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"University of California, Merced"},{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102205"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","volume-title":"California\u2019s Primary Care Workforce: Forecasted Supply, Demand, and Pipeline of Trainees, 2016-2030|Healthforce Center at UCSF","author":"Spetz J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spetz J, Coffman J, Geyn I. 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