{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T10:46:50Z","timestamp":1782557210645,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Troms county municipality"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007137","name":"Northern Norway Regional Health Authority","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007432","name":"Odd Berg Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007432","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"\u201cSparebankens gavefond\u201d UiT"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Use Insights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n ) can cause life-threatening infections, with colonization often preceding infection. Understanding the determinants of\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n carriage may improve infection prevention. While smoking has been associated with\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n carriage, studies on smokeless tobacco products remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of snuff (Swedish snus), a smokeless tobacco product, is associated with\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n carriage in adolescents.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n We used data from Fit Futures 1, a population-based cross-sectional study including 1,038 participants (93% attendance).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 457 boys and 443 girls had data on snuff use and two nasal and throat swab cultures for\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n carriage assessment. Snuff use was defined as occasional or daily use. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between snuff use and\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n carriage, with odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for known risk factors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Snuff use was associated with a 64% higher odds of nasal carriage (95% CI = 1.18-2.26; carriage defined as one or two positive nasal cultures) compared to non-use. In sex-stratified analyses, this association was observed only among girls, with an adjusted OR of 1.62 (95% CI = 1.03-2.55; carriage defined as two positive nasal cultures) and an adjusted OR of 1.99 (95% CI = 1.25-3.16; carriage defined as one or two positive nasal cultures). Among girls using snuff, the adjusted OR for\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n throat carriage was 1.66 (95% CI 1.06-2.59; carriage defined as two positive throat cultures) compared to non-users.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n We identified an association between snuff use and\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n nasal and throat carriage among adolescent girls. Girls who used snuff had higher odds of\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n nasal (62%) and throat (66%) carriage compared to female non-users. Futures longitudinal studies are needed to clarify whether the observed associations reflect casual relationships.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1179173x261461691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:21:57Z","timestamp":1782310917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-Specific Associations Between Smokeless Tobacco Use and\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n Carriage in Norwegian Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9956-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina B.","family":"Stensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar Skov","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sofie","family":"Furberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Molde University College, Molde, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14050470"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ576"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.536"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1331-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05290-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101043440102"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm480"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1465-1467.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55186-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218511"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0877"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70295-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/506367"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47258-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56627-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.20.2206"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00912-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02247429"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","unstructured":"R\u00f8yk SSB. alkohol og andre rusmidler. 2O25. https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/statbank\/table\/07692\/. 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