{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:34:19Z","timestamp":1793406859089,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"national cancer institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 CA270385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 CA270385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Incidental adrenal cysts are quite rare and thus can present a diagnostic conundrum for even experienced clinicians. Here, we present the case of a patient with an incidentally identified 5\u2009cm adrenal mass. Her evaluation was notable for evidence of mild autonomous cortisol secretion and imaging findings concerning for malignancy with possible invasion of the inferior vena cava. Adrenalectomy was performed; pathology ultimately demonstrated an adrenal cortical pseudocyst without evidence of malignancy. All patients with solid, high-density, or large adrenal tumors require further imaging for characterization and biochemical testing for hormone secretion. While simple, low-density adrenal adenomas and cysts do not require further imaging evaluation beyond non-contrast CT, mixed cystic and solid lesions or pseudocystic lesions should be evaluated similarly to solid tumors, with the caveat that pseudocysts cannot always be well-differentiated from benign cysts on imaging. All adrenal incidentalomas should be evaluated with a biochemical work-up to assess hormonal activity. Tumors suspicious for malignancy require surgical excision. Patients with benign, hormonally active tumors should be managed surgically or medically, according to their primary pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/11795514251345267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T04:39:17Z","timestamp":1748925557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adrenal Pseudocyst Masquerading as Adrenocortical Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6599-0397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse E.","family":"Passman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3786-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Wachtel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-011-9445-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00835-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-024-00984-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00235-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Pseudocysts of the adrenal gland: A systematic review of existing scientific literature from 2000 to 2023","volume":"16","author":"Dar SA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dar SA, Qayyum F, Amir A, et al. Pseudocysts of the adrenal gland: A systematic review of existing scientific literature from 2000 to 2023. 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