{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T21:44:00Z","timestamp":1777585440254,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T2DM is a significant contributor to hypoglycemia, mortality, CVD, as well as a leading cause of CKD. Understanding and managing glycosylation discrepancies in T2DM patients with CKD is critical because they are important in disease causation and progression. Aim of this correlation study was to investigate the accuracy of HbA1c and fructosamine as predictors of declining renal function in the context of T2DM, by comparing and evaluating their relationships with eGFR across stages 1 to 5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included individuals with T2DM aged over 18\u2009years, diagnosed per ADA guidelines, and potential CKD (stage 1-5) in T2DM patients. Outcomes involved measuring HbA1c and fructosamine levels of all participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 424 participants from Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE, Manipal on OPD &amp; IPD. For patient in CKD stage 1 to 4, a weak positive correlation was noticed between HbA1c and eGFR. For patient in CKD stage 1 to 4, a weak negative correlation was found between eGFR and Fructosamine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For determining long-term blood sugar management and forecasting the course of kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes, the HbA1c test remains a crucial and dependable tool. However, it might occasionally be more difficult to interpret HbA1c values in later stages of CKD. Fructosamine, a shorter-term blood sugar indicator, can offer useful further information in certain situations. We advise combining the 2 tests for optimal diabetes management: fructosamine for prompt medication modifications, particularly in advanced CKD and HbA1c for long term trends and risk assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11795514251362516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:05:41Z","timestamp":1761987941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Relationship Between Glycemic Indices and eGFR Values Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Individuals With Chronic Kidney Disease Across Various Progression Stages"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Vaishali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandana","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shobha U.","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Revati","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8253-0165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivashankara Kaniyoor","family":"Nagri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0027"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"3","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. 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