{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T19:20:52Z","timestamp":1784056852408,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Med Insights Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lead is considered a neurotoxic agent. We aimed to evaluate the blood lead level (BLL) in young population and determine probable risk factors of lead exposure in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross-sectional study, a total of 100 children were entered and their BLLs were checked.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all, 25 and 8 patients had BLLs above 5 and 10\u2009\u00b5g\/dL, respectively. There was a significant univariate correlation between BLL and place of living, water pipe type, using dairy products, and stature in both cut-offs of 5 and 10\u2009\u00b5g\/dL. Binary regression analysis showed that pipe type was associated with high BLLs at cut-offs of 5 and 10\u2009\u00b5g\/dL, respectively. Also, there was an association between 50th percentile of stature for age and cut-off of 5\u2009\u00b5g\/dL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher BLLs may be seen in short stature pediatric population. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene water pipes may even cause more release of lead and result in higher absorption of this metal in the pediatric population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1179556518825451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T07:53:08Z","timestamp":1553500388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Factors Associated With High Blood Lead Levels in a Sample of 100 Children in Tehran"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2091-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasim","family":"Zamani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narges","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-0544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Hassanian-Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Farnaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latif","family":"Gachkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1179556518825451","first-page":"751","volume":"81","author":"Warniment C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr2-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8339"},{"key":"bibr3-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(83)90171-8"},{"key":"bibr4-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(86)90157-9"},{"key":"bibr5-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/415160"},{"key":"bibr6-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2284"},{"key":"bibr7-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1560-8115-20-2"},{"key":"bibr8-1179556518825451","first-page":"417","volume":"23","author":"Maleknejad S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"bibr9-1179556518825451","first-page":"698","volume":"53","author":"Zamani N","year":"2012","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"bibr10-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.08.010"},{"key":"bibr11-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12855"},{"key":"bibr12-1179556518825451","first-page":"90","volume":"7","author":"Ghasemi A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"bibr13-1179556518825451","first-page":"207","volume":"9","author":"Zaman T","year":"1999","journal-title":"Iranian J Pediatr"},{"key":"bibr14-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2017.0365"},{"key":"bibr15-1179556518825451","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC Response to Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Recommendations in Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A Renewed Call of Primary Prevention. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2012. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nceh\/lead\/acclpp\/final_document_010412.pdf. Accessed Jan 2019."},{"key":"bibr16-1179556518825451","unstructured":"Brue of Family Health & Population, Office of Children\u2019s Health, Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Combined care for healthy children (Special for physicians). 2nd ed.; 2004. http:\/\/fhc.sums.ac.ir\/files\/khanevade\/form\/KUDAKAN\/wccbukletDr.pdf."},{"key":"bibr17-1179556518825451","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Lerner NB","year":"2016","edition":"20"},{"key":"bibr18-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.40.1.18"},{"key":"bibr19-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.08.015"},{"key":"bibr20-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_72_18"},{"key":"bibr21-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2011.00841.x"},{"key":"bibr22-1179556518825451","first-page":"36","volume":"7","author":"Mahram M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behbood"},{"key":"bibr23-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-016-9627-3"},{"key":"bibr24-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065230"},{"key":"bibr25-1179556518825451","unstructured":"PVC versus polypropylene sewer pipes. http:\/\/www.uni-bell.org\/communication\/images\/pvc_vs_polypropylene_pp_sewer_pipe.pdf. Accessed Jan 2019."},{"key":"bibr26-1179556518825451","first-page":"59","volume":"14","author":"Pourmoghaddas H","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci Health Serv"},{"key":"bibr27-1179556518825451","first-page":"373","volume":"6","author":"Tashauoei HR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Syst Res"},{"key":"bibr28-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es702483d"},{"key":"bibr29-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20081101-07"},{"key":"bibr30-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11241"},{"key":"bibr31-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12266"},{"key":"bibr32-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-007-0107-x"},{"key":"bibr33-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.77.3.281","volume":"77","author":"Schwartz J","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"bibr34-1179556518825451","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Markowitz M.","year":"2016","edition":"20"},{"key":"bibr35-1179556518825451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327106074594"}],"container-title":["Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1179556518825451","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1179556518825451","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1179556518825451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:41:08Z","timestamp":1777693268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1179556518825451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1179556518825451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1179556518825451","relation":{},"ISSN":["1179-5565","1179-5565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1179-5565","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-5565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"article-number":"1179556518825451"}}