{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:35:45Z","timestamp":1793226945942,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rehabilitation Process and Outcome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to decrease mortality and morbidity but estimations vary. While there is significant literature supporting short-term benefits, there is not a similarly body of research as to long-term (LT) benefits. Low participation rates in CR are due to several causes and evidence demonstrating positive LT outcomes could be a catalyst to increased participation rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To predict LT mortality, readmission, and survival benefits associated with CR participation in a nationally certified program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigators collected mortality and hospital readmission data in a retrospective study to examine a cohort of cardiac patients following a myocardial infarction (MI), MI\/percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) up to 14\u2009years ago. Hospital electronic medical record (EMR; n\u2009=\u2009207) were used to measure hospital readmission outcome and State Health Department records (n\u2009=\u2009361) for mortality and survival outcomes. Participation in CR, age, gender prior history of cardiac event, and diagnosis were used to predict readmission, mortality, and survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately half (52.1%) the sample participated in CR. Participants included 72% males, average age 68\u2009years (38-91\u2009years), and were predominantly Non-Hispanic white. CR participants attended an average of 20 sessions. CR group differed in diagnoses MI (58.5%), CABG (57.4%) and in prior history of heart disease (25.4%) from the non-cardiac rehabilitation (NCR) group (83.2%, 25.4%, 42.2%, respectively) ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). After controlling for the covariates in logistic regression analyses, the CR group independently predicted lower all-cause mortality (odds ratio, OR\u2009=\u20090.22, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.39) and decreased hospital readmissions (OR\u2009=\u20090.48, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.96). After controlling for the covariates in survival analysis, the CR group significantly contributed to decreased likelihood of death hazard (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20090.36, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.54). Median survivor time for the participants was 5.91\u2009years, SD\u2009=\u20093.81\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participation in CR for middle age and elderly patients is associated with increased survival, a marked decrease in all-cause mortality, and a decrease in cardiovascular-related hospital readmission. A referral to a nationally certified outpatient CR program prior to hospital discharge and early enrollment may improve LT outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1179572719827610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,17]],"date-time":"2019-02-17T03:38:01Z","timestamp":1550374681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Predicting Long-Term Mortality, Morbidity, and Survival Outcomes Following a Cardiac Event: A Cardiac Rehabilitation Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Helen L","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen and Arthur E. Johnson Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Lac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haeok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J","family":"Benton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen and Arthur E. Johnson Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0b013e318284ec82"},{"key":"bibr2-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.066738"},{"key":"bibr3-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.07.017"},{"key":"bibr4-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.01.009"},{"key":"bibr5-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.10.011"},{"key":"bibr6-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0b013e3181d0c17f"},{"key":"bibr7-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.10.014"},{"key":"bibr8-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000410"},{"key":"bibr9-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-199707000-00002"},{"key":"bibr10-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001800.pub2"},{"key":"bibr11-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.044"},{"key":"bibr12-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.2.234"},{"key":"bibr13-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410070073031"},{"key":"bibr14-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001800"},{"key":"bibr15-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.12.34"},{"key":"bibr16-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177658"},{"key":"bibr17-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.09.020"},{"key":"bibr18-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.983536"},{"key":"bibr19-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.001365"},{"key":"bibr20-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-303022"},{"key":"bibr21-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.17.1764"},{"key":"bibr22-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/14.6.831"},{"key":"bibr23-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060837"},{"key":"bibr24-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/14.4.569"},{"key":"bibr25-1179572719827610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-015-0610-7"},{"key":"bibr26-1179572719827610","volume-title":"Dictionary 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