{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:26:45Z","timestamp":1790803605867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cent Nerv Syst Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging evidence has indicated gut dysbiosis as a potential modifiable contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a microbiome-centric model aimed at modulating the intestinal microbial taxa, represents a novel therapeutic approach. However, its safety and efficacy profile in improving PD symptoms remains inadequately researched.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Central Registry were searched to retrieve relevant articles from inception till February 2025. Risk ratios (RR) and Mean differences (MD), along with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were pooled under the random-effect model for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. The primary outcomes of interest were change in Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale part 1 (MDS-UPDRS 1), change in MDS-UPDRS 2. Secondary endpoints of interest were change in MDS-UPDRS 3 (on medication), change in MDS-UPDRS 3 (off medication), change in MDS-UPDRS 4, change in Irritable Bowel Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), change in Parkinson Disease Questionnaire Summary Index (PDQ-39 SI), and GI adverse events. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool was used for the quality assessment of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment was done for the certainty of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This systematic review and meta-analysis included 145 patients across 3 RCTs. FMT and placebo were comparable regarding the primary outcomes that include MDS-UPDRS Part I (MD = \u22120.36; 95% CI:[-2.18,1.45];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .70; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 33%), Part II (MD = \u22120.46; 95% CI:[-1.91,0.99];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .53; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0%). The secondary outcomes, involving MDS-UPDRS Part III on-medication (MD = 1.41; 95% CI:[-2.14,4.42];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .50; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 17%), Part III off-medication (MD = 1.26; 95% CI:[-2.27,4.79];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .48; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0%), and Part IV (MD = \u22120.39; 95% CI:[-1.63,0.85];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .54; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 24%) were also comparable between the two groups. No significant changes were observed in IBS-SSS (MD = \u221215.91; 95% CI:[-63.17,31.89];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .51; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 76%), PDQ-39 SI (MD = \u22122.13, 95% CI:[-5.62,1.36];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .23; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0%), and MOCA scores (MD = 0.11; 95% CI:[-1.34,1.57];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .88; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 68%). However, the FMT group had more frequent adverse gastrointestinal events (RR = 3.32; 95% CI: [1.01,10.87];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .05; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 39%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FMT shows no evidence of superiority compared to placebo. Variations in the findings of existing studies suggest that donor fecal composition, host-microbiota interactions, and methodological heterogeneity may determine outcomes. Further RCTs employing tailored microbiota and standardized endpoint metrics are required to establish a correlation between FMT and PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/11795735251388781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T23:49:36Z","timestamp":1760485776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Hassan","family":"Waseem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Allama Iqbal Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain ul","family":"Abideen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King Edward Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areeba","family":"Shoaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nohela","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Osama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hayatabad Medical Complex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barka","family":"Sajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowaid","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch"},{"name":"Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zara","family":"Fahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King Edward Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Wajih","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch"},{"name":"Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sania","family":"Aimen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Quetta Institute of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameer Haider","family":"Cheema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2085-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawan Kumar","family":"Thada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sotang Primary Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-022-09540-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130251"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","unstructured":"Organization WH. 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