{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:06:50Z","timestamp":1777514810393,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Med Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitiligo is an idiopathic skin disease, characterized by circumscribed white macules or patches on the skin due to loss of the functional melanocytes. Glial cell line\u2013derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its cognate receptor (GFR\u03b1-1) are distal members of the transforming growth factor-\u03b2 superfamily. GDNF, produced by the basal cell keratinocytes, is involved in the migration and differentiation of the melanocytes from the neural crest to the epidermis. This study examines the hypothesis that expression of GDNF protein and its cognate receptor GFR\u03b1-1 protein is altered in vitiliginous skin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test our hypothesis, we examined the expression patterns of these proteins in vitiliginous and corresponding healthy (control) skin biopsies (20 specimens each) using immunoperoxidase staining techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found variations between the vitiliginous skin and healthy skin. In healthy skin, the expression of GDNF and GFR\u03b1-1 proteins was strong (basal cell keratinocytes and melanocytes), moderate (spinous layer), and weak (granular cell layer). In contrast, weak expression of GDNF protein was observed in all epidermal layers of vitiliginous skin. GFR\u03b1-1 protein expression was strong (basal cell keratinocytes and melanocytes), moderate (spinous layer), and weak (granular cell layer). In both healthy skin and vitiliginous skin, the expression of GDNF and GFR\u03b1-1 proteins was strong in the adnexal structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report, for the first time, decreased expression of GDNF proteins in the epidermal keratinocytes of vitiliginous skin. Our findings suggest possible pathogenetic roles for these proteins in the development of vitiligo. The clinical ramifications of these observations mandate further investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475415601828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T22:33:53Z","timestamp":1441233233000},"page":"130-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunohistochemical Analysis of GDNF and Its Cognate Receptor GFR\u03b1-1 Protein Expression in Vitiliginous Skin Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Adly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanan A.","family":"Assaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaima\u2019a F.","family":"Abdel-Rady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagwa Sayed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Rezk Abdelwahed","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 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