{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:08:48Z","timestamp":1777514928881,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]],"date-time":"2016-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Med Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many studies that have been recently published investigate the efficacy of laser treatment for onychomycosis. These studies support the current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of lasers for the \u2018temporary increase in clear nail\u2019. Clear nail growth is an important treatment goal for patients; however, many do not realise that laser treatment is not a cure for onychomycosis. The current article briefly reviews why lasers may be theoretically effective in treating onychomycosis and critically reviews published laser studies for onychomycosis in light of the standards employed in drug trials. Treatment regimens, efficacy endpoints, and the unit of analysis (nails vs patients) vary widely among published laser studies. Complete cure, mycological cure, and clinical improvement rates in laser studies are not reported or use such disparate criteria that comparison among studies is not possible. The US FDA has recently published guidelines for the use of medical devices in clinical trial design for onychomycosis. Future laser studies should adopt the FDA\u2019s guidelines to allow for more consistency within the field and focus on the efficacy of lasers as monotherapy for onychomycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475416677722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T23:08:53Z","timestamp":1478300933000},"page":"114-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lasers for Onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Aditya K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Mediprobe Research, Inc, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research, Inc, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah G.","family":"Versteeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research, Inc, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1203475416677722","author":"Rivers J","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"bibr2-1203475416677722","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2015.1066479"},{"key":"bibr3-1203475416677722","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836297"},{"key":"bibr4-1203475416677722","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.04.054"},{"key":"bibr5-1203475416677722","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\/books\/12874"},{"key":"bibr6-1203475416677722","author":"Shin MK","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"bibr7-1203475416677722","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-007-0492-4"},{"key":"bibr8-1203475416677722","volume-title":"Paper presented at: Laser 2015 ASLMS Conference","author":"Lee K"},{"key":"bibr9-1203475416677722","author":"Gupta A","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"key":"bibr10-1203475416677722","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Medical Devices and Clinical Trial Design for the Treatment or Improvement in the Appearance of Fungally-Infected Nails: Draft Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff. 2015. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/MedicalDevices\/DeviceRegulationandGuidance\/GuidanceDocuments\/UCM431312.pdf. Accessed August 19, 2016."},{"key":"bibr11-1203475416677722","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2014.975671"},{"key":"bibr12-1203475416677722","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.12.024"},{"key":"bibr13-1203475416677722","unstructured":"Stanford University. Treatment of onychomycosis using a 0.65 millisecond pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser\u2014full text view\u2014clinicaltrials.gov. 2012. http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01666002. Accessed August 19, 2016."},{"key":"bibr14-1203475416677722","unstructured":"Erchonia Corporation. Study of the use of low level laser light therapy to treat toenail fungus. Clinicaltrials.gov. 2012. http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01534689. 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