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Potassium hydroxide and culture are considered the current standard for diagnosing onychomycosis, revealing both fungal viability and species identification. Other diagnostic tests currently available include periodic acid\u2013Schiff staining, polymerase chain reaction techniques, and fluorescent staining. Across 6 recently published epidemiology studies, the global prevalence of onychomycosis was estimated to be 5.5%, falling within the range of previously reported estimates (2%-8%). Newly approved onychomycosis treatments include efinaconazole, tavaborole, and laser therapy with lasers only approved to temporarily increase the amount of clear nail. Additional onychomycosis treatments being investigated include iontophoresis and photodynamic therapy with small open-label studies reported thus far. Preventative strategies, to help decrease recurrence and reinfection rates, include sanitisation of footwear and prophylactic topical antifungal agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475417716362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T08:20:59Z","timestamp":1498119659000},"page":"525-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":223,"title":["Onychomycosis in the 21st Century: An Update on Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Aditya K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Mediprobe Research, Inc, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah G.","family":"Versteeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research, 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