{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:36:50Z","timestamp":1780547810278,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Med Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chilblain-like lesions (CLL) coinciding with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been described in the literature. Available reviews of the literature suggest that CLL are associated with younger age, an equal sex ratio, negative testing for SARS-CoV-2, and mild to no extracutaneous manifestations (ECM) associated with COVID-19 infection. This systematic review aims to provide a summary of reports of CLL associated with the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in children to clarify the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and resolution outcomes of these skin findings. Sixty-nine studies, published between May 2020 and January 2022, met inclusion criteria and were summarized in this review, representing 1,119 cases of CLL. Available data showed a slight male predominance (591\/1002, 59%). Mean age was 13 years, ranging from 0 to 18 years. Most cases had no ECM (682\/978, 70%). Overall, 70\/507 (14%) of patients tested positive for COVID-19 using PCR and\/or serology. In the majority the clinical course was benign with 355\/415 (86%) of cases resolving, and 97\/269 (36%) resolving without any treatment. This comprehensive summary of pediatric CLL suggests these lesions are rarely associated with COVID-19 symptoms or test positivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754231158074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T01:19:46Z","timestamp":1677028786000},"page":"277-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Chilblain-Like Lesions (CLL) Coinciding With the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Children: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5166-1883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha Y.","family":"Starkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0834-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Kashetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Dutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1058-9413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya M.","family":"Mukovozov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.05.024"},{"key":"bibr2-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14481"},{"key":"bibr3-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15298"},{"key":"bibr4-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15168"},{"key":"bibr5-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17744"},{"key":"bibr6-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1389_20"},{"key":"bibr7-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14554"},{"key":"bibr8-12034754231158074","unstructured":"OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group. The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence.\n                      Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine\n                      . https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-2.1.pdf"},{"key":"bibr9-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14566"},{"key":"bibr10-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17145"},{"key":"bibr11-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v47i78a06"},{"key":"bibr12-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754211004575"},{"key":"bibr13-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14805"},{"key":"bibr14-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2020.12.003"},{"key":"bibr15-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20584"},{"key":"bibr16-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17393"},{"key":"bibr17-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3930"},{"key":"bibr18-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology7030010"},{"key":"bibr19-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20784"},{"key":"bibr20-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19415"},{"key":"bibr21-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_127_21"},{"key":"bibr22-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00526-8"},{"key":"bibr23-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17672"},{"key":"bibr24-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19348"},{"key":"bibr25-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.09.032"},{"key":"bibr26-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20647"},{"key":"bibr27-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.2368"},{"key":"bibr28-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16934"},{"key":"bibr29-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2020.08.006"},{"key":"bibr30-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.14099"},{"key":"bibr31-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.2120"},{"key":"bibr32-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13630"},{"key":"bibr33-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19377"},{"key":"bibr34-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19349"},{"key":"bibr35-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16901"},{"key":"bibr36-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16682"},{"key":"bibr37-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14948"},{"key":"bibr38-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16974"},{"key":"bibr39-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/popmed\/136032"},{"key":"bibr40-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.03.022"},{"key":"bibr41-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754211053310"},{"key":"bibr42-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.07.037"},{"key":"bibr43-12034754231158074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19807"},{"key":"bibr44-12034754231158074","unstructured":"COVID-19 dermatology registry. https:\/\/www.aad.org\/member\/practice\/coronavirus\/registry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/12034754231158074","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/12034754231158074","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/12034754231158074","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:49:44Z","timestamp":1777391384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/12034754231158074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/12034754231158074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/12034754231158074","relation":{},"ISSN":["1203-4754","1615-7109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1203-4754","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-7109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]}}}