{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T03:34:22Z","timestamp":1793072062003,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"commissioned research expense from METRAS, Inc.","award":["commissioned research expense from METRAS, Inc."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["commissioned research expense from METRAS, Inc."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Med Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most important problem with local injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in palmar hyperhidrosis is pain during the injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated therapeutic effectiveness and pain of local injections of BTX-A using needle-free direct administration system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed BTX-A local injection therapy using a conventional injection needle in the left hand and a needle-free direct administration system in the right hand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A reduction in the quantity of perspiration was observed 4 weeks after administration of both Needle and Needle-free BTX-A, and reduction was maintained throughout 28 weeks observation period. Both hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale scores and Dermatology Life Quality Index for hands treated with Needle BTX-A and hands treated with Needle-free BTX-A had decreased significantly by 4 weeks after treatment. Pain visual analog scale scores and the degree of pain were significantly lower in hands treated with Needle-free BTX-A than in hands treated with Needle BTX-A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When the trigger of the pressurized needle-free injector device is activated, the gas powered driving pressure propels BTX-A through an orifice (0.13 mm) about four times narrower than a 30 G needle at very high speed. As most pain occurs during the needle prick itself, the advantage of a small orifice coupled with high-speed penetration of BTX-A through the pressurized device results in reduced pain during administration. The needle-free direct administration system administers the injectate under the skin without a visible needle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754231191062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T02:47:55Z","timestamp":1691117275000},"page":"481-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Therapeutic Effectiveness of Needle Injection Versus Needle-Free Jet Injector System for Botulinum Toxin Type A in Palmar Hyperhidrosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1055-3595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Ohshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-12034754231191062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12258"},{"key":"bibr2-12034754231191062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2006.32334.x"},{"key":"bibr3-12034754231191062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092285"},{"key":"bibr4-12034754231191062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.3.301"},{"key":"bibr5-12034754231191062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.11.2095"},{"key":"bibr6-12034754231191062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00261.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr7-12034754231191062","first-page":"822","volume":"28","author":"Lowe NJ.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr8-12034754231191062","first-page":"561","volume":"130","author":"Bodokh 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