{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:52:48Z","timestamp":1777513968278,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Med Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No single treatment is ideal for genital warts with high rate of resistance using conventional modalities as topical podophyllin; however, several intralesional immunotherapies are being tested nowadays, with variable results. In this study, we compared the safety and efficacy of treating resistant and recurrent genital warts by 2 intralesional immunotherapies [ Candida antigen and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine] and compared them with topical podophyllin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 45 patients with resistant or recurrent genital warts were enrolled in this study. Size and number of warts were detected in each patient, patients were divided into 3 groups. Group A injected with intralesional Candida antigen. Group B with intralesional MMR vaccine. Group C were treated with topical 25% podophyllin. Patients received a session every 2\u2009weeks for 3 treatment sessions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With regard to the reduction in size and number of all warts, the best response was obtained in Candida antigen group where 46.7% showed complete clearance and 40% showed partial response followed by MMR group and the last was the podophyllin group, with no significant difference between them. Complete clearance of mother warts was noticed in 86.7% of Candida group, 53.3% in MMR group, and last 40% in podophyllin group, with a significantly better response in the Candida group ( P\u2009=\u2009.027).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both intralesional Candida antigen and MMR vaccine are simple, safe, and effective treatment options with comparable results and better response than topical podophyllin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754241238012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T05:25:57Z","timestamp":1710739557000},"page":"253-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Intralesional\n                    <i>Candida<\/i>\n                    Antigen Versus Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Versus Topical Podophyllin in Treatment of Resistant Genital Warts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Hisham","family":"Zayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Hosny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meriam M.","family":"Mamdouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Insurance Unit, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3480-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin M.","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-12034754241238012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir703"},{"key":"bibr2-12034754241238012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ813"},{"key":"bibr3-12034754241238012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13310"},{"key":"bibr4-12034754241238012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.190487"},{"key":"bibr5-12034754241238012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.117301"},{"key":"bibr6-12034754241238012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-6530.162451"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-12034754241238012","first-page":"16","volume":"66","author":"Stone KM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genitourin 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