{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:14:02Z","timestamp":1792005242254,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Med Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lymphatic malformations (LM) are vascular anomalies that can be challenging to manage with new medical therapies emerging. This systematic review examines current medical therapies for pediatric patients with LMs that involve the soft tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS were searched on April 12, 2024, using variations of the keywords \u201clymphatic malformation\u201d AND \u201cdrug therapy\u201d AND \u201cpediatric.\u201d Language was limited to English, and no date restriction was applied. Treatment success was defined as a reduction in lesion size of over 10%, with complete response (CR) defined as a reduction in size of over 90%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our review encompassed 4937 title\/abstracts, 436 full-texts and ultimately included 77 studies. Reported success rates were variable, with notable results for alpelisib (oral) (n\u2009=\u20099\/9), sirolimus (oral) (n\u2009=\u2009257\/287), sirolimus (topical) (n\u2009=\u200913\/15), acetylsalicylic acid (oral) (n\u2009=\u200918\/23), propranolol (oral) (n\u2009=\u200919\/29), and sildenafil (oral) (n\u2009=\u200933\/71). CR was reported with isotretinoin (n\/a) (n\u2009=\u20091\/1), cyclophosphamide (iv) (n\u2009=\u20091\/2), acetylsalicylic acid (oral) (n\u2009=\u20094\/23), sirolimus (topical) (n\u2009=\u20092\/15), and sirolimus (oral) (n\u2009=\u200917\/287).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, therapies such as alpelisib and sirolimus showed promising results in the reduction of pediatric LM size; however, additional long-term data are needed to validate their efficacy and safety profile. Limitations of our study include heterogeneity and a potential risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754251386785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T11:59:31Z","timestamp":1761911971000},"page":"259-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Medical Therapies for Pediatric Lymphatic Malformations: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4546-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Hollman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harleen","family":"Cheema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5310-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam C.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy &amp; Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Newsha","family":"Mahinpey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy &amp; Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5098-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatmah","family":"AlZahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Skin Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Rejuvenation Dermatology, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. 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