{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:54:11Z","timestamp":1777514051352,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Med Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially life-threatening disease, characterized immunohistologically by IgG deposits and complement activation on the surface of keratinocytes. Complement activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis with C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      deposits in about 90% of patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In order to further elucidate the role of complement in PV and to define which cytokines play a role in C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      mRNA expression, we performed an in vitro study in human keratinocytes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHuK) were incubated with PV serum and C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      mRNA was measured. We previously had shown that IL-1\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1 are expressed in PV in vivo and in vitro. Since cytokines are able to modulate complement activation, mRNA expression was evaluated in a similar experiment after pretreatment using antibodies against IL-1\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Incubation of NHuK with PV sera caused their detachment from the plates after 20\u201330 minutes with a complete acantholysis within 12 hours. An early C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      mRNA expression was seen after 30 minutes with a peak level after 1 hour. Blocking studies, using antibodies against human IL-1\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1 in NHuK together with PV-IgG, showed reduction of in vitro induced acantholysis and inhibition of C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      mRNA expression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study supports the hypothesis that complement C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      is important in PV acantholysis and that complement activation is increased by IL-1\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/120347549900300306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,9]],"date-time":"2017-07-09T19:29:26Z","timestamp":1499628566000},"page":"140-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["In vitro C\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    mRNA Expression in Pemphigus Vulgaris: Complement Activation is Increased by IL-1\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Feliciani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University \u201cG.D'Annunzio,\u201d Chieti, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Toto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University \u201cG.D'Annunzio,\u201d Chieti, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Amerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Amerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University \u201cG.D'Annunzio,\u201d Chieti, 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