{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:06:43Z","timestamp":1781075203057,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some studies showed abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of relapsing neuromyelitis optica (R-NMO) from 12 to 46%. These abnormalities are described as compatible\/non-compatible with multiple sclerosis (MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the abnormal brain MRI lesions in R-NMO with imaging studies conducted with more sensitive white matter change techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty patients with R-NMO were selected. All MRI brain studies were performed with a 1.5-T Siemens MRI system according to the Standardized MR Imaging Protocol for Multiple Sclerosis from the Consortium of MS Centers Consensus Guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain MRI images were evaluated in 29 R-NMO cases because in one case the MRI images were not appropriate for the study. Of these 29 brain MRI studies, 19 cases (65.5%) had at least one or more lesions (1\u201357) and 10 were negative (34.4%). Brain MRI findings in 19 cases were characterized in T2\/fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) by the presence of subcortical\/deep white matter lesions in 16 (84.2%) cases (1\u201350), most of them &lt; 3 mm and without juxtacortical localization. Periventricular lesions were observed in 13 (68.4%) cases, but morphologically they were not oval, ovoid or perpendicularly orientated. Infratentorial lesions, all &gt;3 mm, were observed in 4 (21.05%) cases without cerebellar involvement. T1 studies demonstrated absence of hypointense regions. Optic nerve enhancement was observed in 6\/19 patients (31.5%). None of the brain MRI abnormalities observed were compatible with Barkhof et al. criteria of MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study, based on a Cuban patient population, with long duration of disease, good sample size and detailed characterization by MRI, demonstrated the brain MRI pattern of R-NMO patients, which is different from MS. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 186\u2013192. http:\/\/msj.sagepub.com<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T12:16:09Z","timestamp":1170418569000},"page":"186-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in relapsing neuromyelitis optica"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A","family":"Cabrera-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Avenida 25 #15805 entre 158 y 160, Reparto Cubanac\u00e1n, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Quevedo-Sotolongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cira Garcia Clinic, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Quevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latin-American School of Medicine, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Real-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Avenida 25 #15805 entre 158 y 160, Reparto Cubanac\u00e1n, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Crist\u00f3fol-Corominas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Avenida 25 #15805 entre 158 y 160, Reparto Cubanac\u00e1n, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Romero-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Avenida 25 #15805 entre 158 y 160, Reparto Cubanac\u00e1n, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Ugarte-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical and Surgical Investigations (CIMEQ), Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Jord\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical and Surgical Investigations (CIMEQ), Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Je Gonz\u00e1lez De La","family":"Nuez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical and Surgical Investigations (CIMEQ), Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Garc\u00eda","family":"Lahera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical and Surgical Investigations (CIMEQ), Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Tellez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical and Surgical Investigations (CIMEQ), Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Pedroso-Iba\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Avenida 25 #15805 entre 158 y 160, Reparto Cubanac\u00e1n, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Avenida 25 #15805 entre 158 y 160, Reparto Cubanac\u00e1n, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay","family":"Cabrera-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Medicine \u201cDr Ra\u00fal Dortic\u00f3s\u201d, Cienfuegos, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340211"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.5.1107"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.4.507"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.4.429"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.4.382"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0271-0"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00043-6"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf260"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.3.317"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458506070725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.4.500"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458506070725","first-page":"35","volume":"7","author":"Chon 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